Brief Fact Summary. An American by name John Walker and Alberto Radelat, a photographer and U.S. legal resident, were killed while writing a novel in Mexico by Javier Vasquez-Velasco (D). who was a member of a drug cartel in Guadalajara and several others. He was found guilty and on appeal, Vasquez-Velasco (D) argued that U.S. penal laws do not apply extraterritorially.
Synopsis of Rule of Law. Extraterritorial application of a penal statute to the murder of a U.S. citizen mistaken for a federal agent is consistent with principles of international law.
A logical relationship is typically shown by the existence of a common plan, scheme, or conspiracy.
View Full Point of LawIssue. Is the extraterritorial application of a penal statute to the murder of a U.S. citizen mistaken for a federal agent consistent with principles of international law?
Held. (Fletcher, J.) Yes. Extraterritorial application of a penal statute to the murder of a U.S. citizen mistaken for a federal agent is consistent with principles of international law. The exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction undr the objective territorial principle is permitted under international law, under which jurisdiction is exercised over acts performed outside the United States (P) that produce detrimental effects within the United States (P) and the protective principle, under which jurisdiction is asserted over foreigners for an act committed outside the United States that may impinge on the territorial intergrity, security or political independence of the U.S. hence, extraterritorial application of 18 U.S.C. S 1959 to violent crimes associated with drug trafficking is reasonable under international law principles, since it is a serious and universally condemned offense. As in Felix-Guiterrez, the crime was directed at the U.S. (P).
Discussion. The objectives territorial and protective principles apply because the defendant in this case murdered two U.S. citizens on the mistaken belief they were DEA agents and their murder might intimidate the DEA and local police and drug agencies, who might otherwise cooperate with the DEA. Extraterritorial jurisdiction would have been difficult to apply if the government had been unsuccessful in its argument that the murders were committed as retaliation against the DEA because the case run on the defendant’s subjective belief.