Commonwealth v. Carroll

Table of Contents

Criminal Law Keyed to Kadish

How Guilt Is Established
- People v. Zackowitz
  254 N.Y. 192, 172 N.E. 466 (1930)
- Patterson v. New York
  432 U.S. 197, 97 S. Ct. 2319, 53 L. Ed. 2d 281 (1977)
- Duncan v. Louisiana
  391 U.S. 145, 88 S. Ct. 1444, 20 L. Ed. 2d 491 (1968)
- United States v. Dougherty
  473 F.2d 1113, 154 U.S. App. D.C. 76 (D.C. Cir. 1972)
- Nix v. Whiteside
  475 U.S. 157, 106 S. Ct. 988, 89 L. Ed. 2d 123 (1986)
- In re Winship
  U.S. 358 (1970)
The Justification Of Punishment
- Regina v. Dudley and Stephens
- United States v. Bergman
  416 F. Supp. 496 (S.D.N.Y. 1976)
- State v. Chaney
  477 P.2d 441 (Alaska 1970)
- United States v. Jackson
  835 F.2d 1195 (7th Cir. 1987)
- United States v. Johnson
  964 F.2d 124 (2d Cir. 1992)
- Bowers v. Hardwick
  478 U.S. 186, 106 S. Ct. 2841, 92 L. Ed. 2d 140 (1986)
- United States v. Bernard L. Madoff
  United States District Courts, S.D.N.Y. (June 29, 2009)
Defining Criminal Conduct-The Elements Of Just Punishment
- Martin v. State
  332, 17 So. 2d 283 (Ct. App. 1944)
- People v. Newton
  8 Cal.App.3d 359, 87 Cal.Rptr. 394 (Ct. App. 1970)
- Pope v. State
  284 Md. 309, 396 A.2d 1054 (1979)
- Jones v. United States
  308 F.2d 307, 113 U.S. App. D.C. 352 (D.C. Cir. 1962)
- Barber v. Superior Court
  147 Cal.App.3d 1006, 195 Cal.Rptr. 484 (Ct. App. 1983)
- Regina v. Cunningham
- Holloway v. United States
  526 U.S. 1, 119 S. Ct. 966, 143 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1999)
- United States v. Jewell
  532 F.2d 697 (9th Cir. 1976)
- Regina v. Prince
- People v. Olsen
  36 Cal.3d 638, 205 Cal.Rptr. 492, 685 P.2d 52 (1984)
- Morisette v. United States
  342 U.S. 246, 72 S. Ct. 240, 96 L. Ed. 288 (1952)
- Staples v. United States
  132 S. Ct. 593, 181 L. Ed. 2d 435 (2011) [2011 BL 291324]
- State v. Guminga
  395 N.W.2d 344 (Minn. 1986)
- State v. Baker
  170 Vt. 194, 744 A.2d 864 (1999)
- Regina v. City of Sault Ste. Marie
- People v. Marrero
  69 N.Y.2d 382, 515 N.Y.S.2d 212, 507 N.E.2d 1068 (1987)
- Cheek v. United States
  498 U.S. 192, 111 S. Ct. 604, 112 L. Ed. 2d 617 (1991)
- United States v. Albertini
  830 F.2d 977 (9th Cir. 1987)
- Lambert v. California
  355 U.S. 225, 78 S. Ct. 240, 2 L. Ed. 2d 228 (1957)
- Harmelin v. Michigan
  501 U.S. 957, 111 S. Ct. 2680, 115 L. Ed. 2d 836 (1991)
- Shaw v. Director of Public Prosecutions
- Keeler v. Superior Court
  2 Cal.3d 619, 87 Cal.Rptr. 481, 470 P.2d 617 (1970)
- City of Chicago v. Morales
  527 U.S. 41, 119 S. Ct. 1849, 144 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1999)
- McBoyle v. United States
  283 U.S. 25 (1931)
- United States v. Dauray
  215 F. 3d 257 (2nd Cr. 2000)
Homicide
- Commonwealth v. Carroll
  412 Pa. 525, 194 A.2d 911 (1963)
- State v. Guthrie
  194 W. Va. 657, 461 S.E.2d 163 (1995)
- Girouard v. State
  321 Md. 526, 583 A.2d 715 (1991)
- Maher v. People
  10 Mich. 212 (1862)
- People v. Casassa
  49 N.Y.2d 668, 427 N.Y.S.2d 769, 404 N.E.2d 1310 (1980)
- Commonwealth v. Welansky
  316 Mass. 380, 55 N.E.2d 617 (1944)
- State v. Williams
  4 Wn. App. 899, 484 P.2d 1162 (Ct. App. 1971)
- Commonwealth v. Malone
  354 Pa. 177, 47 A.2d 142 (1946)
- United States v. Fleming
  739 F.2d 945 (4th Cir. 1984)
- Regina v. Serne
- People v. Phillips
  64 Cal.2d 574, 51 Cal.Rptr. 225, 414 P.2d 353 (1966)
- People v. Stewart
  663 A.2d 912 (R.I. 1995)
- People v. Smith
  35 Cal.3d 798, 201 Cal.Rptr. 311, 678 P.2d 886 (1984)
- State v. Canola
  73 N.J. 206, 374 A.2d 20 (1977)
- Taylor v. Superior Court
  3 Cal.3d 578, 91 Cal.Rptr. 275, 477 P.2d 131 (1970)
- Gregg v. Georgia
  428 U.S. 153, 96 S. Ct. 2909, 49 L. Ed. 2d 859 (1976)
- McCleskey v. Kemp
  481 U.S. 279, 107 S. Ct. 1756, 95 L. Ed. 2d 262 (1987)
- Definition
- M.C. v Bulgaria
  Eur. Ct. H.R., 39272/98 (2003)
- Commonwealth v. Sherry
  Mass. Sup. Jud. Ct. 386 Mass. 682. 437 N.E. 2d 224 (1982)
The Significance Of Resulting Harm
- People v. Acosta
  232 Cal.App.3d 1375, 284 Cal.Rptr. 117 (Ct. App. 1991)
- People v. Arzon
  92 Misc. 2d 739, 401 N.Y.S.2d 156 (Sup. Ct. 1978)
- People v. Campbell
  124 Mich. App. 333, 335 N.W.2d 27 (Ct. App. 1983)
- People v. Kevorkian
  447 Mich. 436, 527 N.W.2d 714 (1994)
- Stephenson v. State
  205 Ind. 141 (1932)
- Commonwealth v. Root
  403 Pa. 571, 170 A.2d 310 (1961)
- State v. McFadden
  320 N.W.2d 608 (Iowa 1982)
- Commonwealth v. Atencio
  345 Mass. 627, 189 N.E.2d 223 (1963)
- Smallwood v. State
  343 Md. 97, 680 A.2d 512 (1996)
- People v. Rizzo
  246 N.Y. 334, 158 N.E. 888 (1927)
- McQuirter v. State
  36 Ala. App. 707, 63 So. 2d 388 (Ct. App. 1953)
- United States v. Jackson
  835 F.2d 1195 (7th Cir. 1987)
- State v. Davis
  319 Mo. 1222, 6 S.W.2d 609 (1928)
- People v. Jaffe
  185 N.Y. 497, 78 N.E. 169 (1906)
- People v. Dlugash
  41 N.Y.2d 725, 395 N.Y.S.2d 419, 363 N.E.2d 1155 (1977)
- Commonwealth v. Carroll
  Pa. Sup. Ct., 412 Pa. 525, 194 A.2d 911 (1963)
- Commonwealth v. Welansky
  Mass. Sup. Jud. Ct., 316 Mass. 383. 55 N.E.2d 902 (1944)
- Hines v. State
  Ga. Sup. Ct., 578 S.E. 2d 868 (2003)
- People v. Burton
  Cal. Sup. Ct., 491 P.2d 793 (1971)
- United States v. Deegan
  605 F. 3d 625 (8th Cir. 2010)
- Atkins v. Virginia
  536 U.S 304 (2002)
- Commonwealth v. Roebuck
  Pa. Sup. Ct. 32 A.3d 613 (2011)
- People v. Chun
  Cal. Sup. Ct., 203 P.3d 425 (2009)
Group Criminality
- Hicks v. United States
  131 S. Ct. 51, 177 L. Ed. 2d 1139 (2010) [2010 BL 188636]
- State v. Gladstone
  152 Wn.2d 1017 (2004)
- People v. Luparello
  187 Cal.App.3d 410, 231 Cal.Rptr. 832 (Ct. App. 1986)
- United States v. Xavier
  10-4671, 2012 BL 130223 (3d Cir. May 25, 2012)
- State v. McVay
  157 Wn. App. 1004 (Ct. App. 2010) [2010 BL 170312]
- People v. Russel
  144502, 2012 BL 128267 (Mich. May 21, 2012)
- Wilcox v. Jeffery
- State v. Hayes
  105 Mo. 76, 16 S.W. 514 (1891)
- Taylor v. Commonwealth
  354 S.W.3d 592 (Ky. Ct. App. 2011) [2011 BL 273294]
- New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co. v. U.S
  212 U.S. 481, 29 S. Ct. 304, 53 L. Ed. 613 (1909)
- United States v. Hilton Hotels Corp
  459 U.S. 1036, 103 S. Ct. 446, 74 L. Ed. 2d 602 (1982)
- Commonwealth v. Beneficial Finance Co
  360 Mass. 188, 275 N.E.2d 33 (1971)
- Gordon v. United States
  C12-0205-JCC, 2012 BL 141939 (W.D. Wash. June 07, 2012)
- United States v. Park
  131 S. Ct. 296, 178 L. Ed. 2d 194 (2010) [2010 BL 235947]
- United States v. MacDonald & Watson Waste Oil Co
  546 U.S. 914, 126 S. Ct. 283, 163 L. Ed. 2d 250 (2005)
- Krulewitch v. United States
  336 U.S. 440, 69 S. Ct. 716, 93 L. Ed. 790 (1949)
- Pinkerton v. United States
  502 U.S. 824, 112 S. Ct. 89, 116 L. Ed. 2d 61 (1991)
- Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
  306 U.S. 208, 59 S. Ct. 467, 83 L. Ed. 610, 40 U.S.P.Q. 299 (1939)
- United States v. Alvarez
  131 S. Ct. 344, 178 L. Ed. 2d 223 (2010) [2010 BL 236174]
- People v. Lauria
  251 Cal.App.2d 471, 59 Cal.Rptr. 628 (Ct. App. 1967)
- Kotteakos v. United States
  328 U.S. 750, 66 S. Ct. 1239, 90 L. Ed. 1557 (1946)
- United States v. Bruno
  661 F.3d 733 (2d Cir. 2011) [2011 BL 293178]
- Gebardi v. United States
  287 U.S. 112, 53 S. Ct. 35, 77 L. Ed. 206 (1932)
- Garcia v. State
  PD-1516-11, 2012 BL 139366 (Tex. Crim. App. June 06, 2012)
- United States v. Elliott
  131 S. Ct. 483, 178 L. Ed. 2d 283 (2010) [2010 BL 240590]
Exculpation
- United States v. Peterson
  12-CR-224, 2012 BL 115543 (E.D.N.Y. May 09, 2012)
- People v. Goetz
  73 N.Y.2d 751, 536 N.Y.S.2d 45, 532 N.E.2d 1273 (1988)
- State v. Kelly
  97 N.J. 178, 478 A.2d 364 (1984)
- State v. Norman
  173 Wn.2d 1023, 272 P.3d 851 (2012)
- State v. Abbot
  622 A.2d 723 (Me. 1993)
- United States v. Peterson
  131 S. Ct. 617, 178 L. Ed. 2d 437 (2010) [2010 BL 269745]
- People v. Ceballos
  78 N.Y.2d 1074, 577 N.Y.S.2d 238, 583 N.E.2d 950 (1991)
- Durham v. State
  549 U.S. 1298, 127 S. Ct. 1858, 167 L. Ed. 2d 350 (2007)
- Tennessee v. Garner
  471 U.S. 1, 105 S. Ct. 1694, 85 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1985)
- People v. Unger
  482 Mich. 1027, 769 N.W.2d 186 (2008) [2008 BL 244179]
- United States v. Schoon
  971 F.2d 193 (9th Cir. 1991)
- Regina v. Dudley and Stephens
- Public Committee Against Torture v. State of Israel
- Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health
  497 U.S. 261, 110 S. Ct. 2841, 111 L. Ed. 2d 224 (1990)
- Washington v. Glucksberg
  521 U.S. 702, 117 S. Ct. 2302, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 138 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1997)
- State v. Toscano
  549 U.S. 1069, 127 S. Ct. 704, 166 L. Ed. 2d 545 (2006)
- Regina v. Kingston
- Roberts v. People
  19 Mich. 401 (1870)
- People v. Hood
  C066289, 2011 BL 323913 (Cal. Ct. App. Dec. 21, 2011
- M'Naghten's Case
  8 ER 718, Volume 8
- Blake v. United States
  11-9789, 2012 BL 118592 (U.S. May 14, 2012)
- United States v. Lyons
  10-10159-PBS., 2012 BL 112527, 2012 ILRC 1831 (D. Mass. May 04, 2012)
- State v. Green
  643 S.W.2d 902 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1982)
- State v. Crenshaw
  547 U.S. 1005, 126 S. Ct. 1463, 164 L. Ed. 2d 250 (2006)
- State v. Guido
  283 Fed. Appx. 984 (3d Cir. 2008) [2008 BL 284236]
Theft Offenses
- Commonwealth v. Tluchak
  166 Pa. Super. 16, 70 A.2d 657 (Super. Ct. 1950)
- Topolewski v. State
  130 Wis. 244, 109 N.W. 1037 (1906)
- Nolan v. State
  962 N.E.2d 163 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012)
- Burns v. State
  130 S. Ct. 1733, 176 L. Ed. 2d 208 (2010) [2010 BL 43468]
- State v. Riggins
  130 S. Ct. 1733, 176 L. Ed. 2d 208 (2010) [2010 BL 43468]
- Hufstetler v. State
  517 U.S. 1127, 116 S. Ct. 1368, 134 L. Ed. 2d 533 (1996)
- Graham v. United States
  187 F.2d 87, 88 U.S. App. D.C. 129 (D.C. Cir. 1950)
- People v. Ashley
  810 N.W.2d 582 (Mich. 2012) [2012 BL 102741]
- Nelson v. United States
  227 F.2d 21, 97 U.S. App. D.C. 6 (D.C. Cir. 1955)
- State v. Harrington
  441P92-6, 2012 BL 97483 (N.C. Apr. 12, 2012)
- People v. Fichtner
  281 App. Div. 159, 118 N.Y.S.2d 392 (App Div, 2d Dept 1952)
- State v. Miller
  192 Or. 188, 233 P.2d 786 (1951)
- United States v. Girard
  440 Fed. Appx. 894 (11th Cir. 2011) [2011 BL 242533]
- Regina v. Stewart
- United States v. Siegel
  555 U.S. 1087, 129 S. Ct. 770, 172 L. Ed. 2d 760 (2008) [2008 BL 276780]
- People v. Brown
  105 Cal. 66, 38 P. 518 (1894)
- Regina v. Feely
- People v. Reid
  2012 NY Slip Op 04272 (N.Y. June 05, 2012) [2012 BL 136331]
- Federal Thefts

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Law Dictionary

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Criminal Law Keyed to Kadish

How Guilt Is Established
- People v. Zackowitz
  254 N.Y. 192, 172 N.E. 466 (1930)
- Patterson v. New York
  432 U.S. 197, 97 S. Ct. 2319, 53 L. Ed. 2d 281 (1977)
- Duncan v. Louisiana
  391 U.S. 145, 88 S. Ct. 1444, 20 L. Ed. 2d 491 (1968)
- United States v. Dougherty
  473 F.2d 1113, 154 U.S. App. D.C. 76 (D.C. Cir. 1972)
- Nix v. Whiteside
  475 U.S. 157, 106 S. Ct. 988, 89 L. Ed. 2d 123 (1986)
- In re Winship
  U.S. 358 (1970)
The Justification Of Punishment
- Regina v. Dudley and Stephens
- United States v. Bergman
  416 F. Supp. 496 (S.D.N.Y. 1976)
- State v. Chaney
  477 P.2d 441 (Alaska 1970)
- United States v. Jackson
  835 F.2d 1195 (7th Cir. 1987)
- United States v. Johnson
  964 F.2d 124 (2d Cir. 1992)
- Bowers v. Hardwick
  478 U.S. 186, 106 S. Ct. 2841, 92 L. Ed. 2d 140 (1986)
- United States v. Bernard L. Madoff
  United States District Courts, S.D.N.Y. (June 29, 2009)
Defining Criminal Conduct-The Elements Of Just Punishment
- Martin v. State
  332, 17 So. 2d 283 (Ct. App. 1944)
- People v. Newton
  8 Cal.App.3d 359, 87 Cal.Rptr. 394 (Ct. App. 1970)
- Pope v. State
  284 Md. 309, 396 A.2d 1054 (1979)
- Jones v. United States
  308 F.2d 307, 113 U.S. App. D.C. 352 (D.C. Cir. 1962)
- Barber v. Superior Court
  147 Cal.App.3d 1006, 195 Cal.Rptr. 484 (Ct. App. 1983)
- Regina v. Cunningham
- Holloway v. United States
  526 U.S. 1, 119 S. Ct. 966, 143 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1999)
- United States v. Jewell
  532 F.2d 697 (9th Cir. 1976)
- Regina v. Prince
- People v. Olsen
  36 Cal.3d 638, 205 Cal.Rptr. 492, 685 P.2d 52 (1984)
- Morisette v. United States
  342 U.S. 246, 72 S. Ct. 240, 96 L. Ed. 288 (1952)
- Staples v. United States
  132 S. Ct. 593, 181 L. Ed. 2d 435 (2011) [2011 BL 291324]
- State v. Guminga
  395 N.W.2d 344 (Minn. 1986)
- State v. Baker
  170 Vt. 194, 744 A.2d 864 (1999)
- Regina v. City of Sault Ste. Marie
- People v. Marrero
  69 N.Y.2d 382, 515 N.Y.S.2d 212, 507 N.E.2d 1068 (1987)
- Cheek v. United States
  498 U.S. 192, 111 S. Ct. 604, 112 L. Ed. 2d 617 (1991)
- United States v. Albertini
  830 F.2d 977 (9th Cir. 1987)
- Lambert v. California
  355 U.S. 225, 78 S. Ct. 240, 2 L. Ed. 2d 228 (1957)
- Harmelin v. Michigan
  501 U.S. 957, 111 S. Ct. 2680, 115 L. Ed. 2d 836 (1991)
- Shaw v. Director of Public Prosecutions
- Keeler v. Superior Court
  2 Cal.3d 619, 87 Cal.Rptr. 481, 470 P.2d 617 (1970)
- City of Chicago v. Morales
  527 U.S. 41, 119 S. Ct. 1849, 144 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1999)
- McBoyle v. United States
  283 U.S. 25 (1931)
- United States v. Dauray
  215 F. 3d 257 (2nd Cr. 2000)
Homicide
- Commonwealth v. Carroll
  412 Pa. 525, 194 A.2d 911 (1963)
- State v. Guthrie
  194 W. Va. 657, 461 S.E.2d 163 (1995)
- Girouard v. State
  321 Md. 526, 583 A.2d 715 (1991)
- Maher v. People
  10 Mich. 212 (1862)
- People v. Casassa
  49 N.Y.2d 668, 427 N.Y.S.2d 769, 404 N.E.2d 1310 (1980)
- Commonwealth v. Welansky
  316 Mass. 380, 55 N.E.2d 617 (1944)
- State v. Williams
  4 Wn. App. 899, 484 P.2d 1162 (Ct. App. 1971)
- Commonwealth v. Malone
  354 Pa. 177, 47 A.2d 142 (1946)
- United States v. Fleming
  739 F.2d 945 (4th Cir. 1984)
- Regina v. Serne
- People v. Phillips
  64 Cal.2d 574, 51 Cal.Rptr. 225, 414 P.2d 353 (1966)
- People v. Stewart
  663 A.2d 912 (R.I. 1995)
- People v. Smith
  35 Cal.3d 798, 201 Cal.Rptr. 311, 678 P.2d 886 (1984)
- State v. Canola
  73 N.J. 206, 374 A.2d 20 (1977)
- Taylor v. Superior Court
  3 Cal.3d 578, 91 Cal.Rptr. 275, 477 P.2d 131 (1970)
- Gregg v. Georgia
  428 U.S. 153, 96 S. Ct. 2909, 49 L. Ed. 2d 859 (1976)
- McCleskey v. Kemp
  481 U.S. 279, 107 S. Ct. 1756, 95 L. Ed. 2d 262 (1987)
- Definition
- M.C. v Bulgaria
  Eur. Ct. H.R., 39272/98 (2003)
- Commonwealth v. Sherry
  Mass. Sup. Jud. Ct. 386 Mass. 682. 437 N.E. 2d 224 (1982)
The Significance Of Resulting Harm
- People v. Acosta
  232 Cal.App.3d 1375, 284 Cal.Rptr. 117 (Ct. App. 1991)
- People v. Arzon
  92 Misc. 2d 739, 401 N.Y.S.2d 156 (Sup. Ct. 1978)
- People v. Campbell
  124 Mich. App. 333, 335 N.W.2d 27 (Ct. App. 1983)
- People v. Kevorkian
  447 Mich. 436, 527 N.W.2d 714 (1994)
- Stephenson v. State
  205 Ind. 141 (1932)
- Commonwealth v. Root
  403 Pa. 571, 170 A.2d 310 (1961)
- State v. McFadden
  320 N.W.2d 608 (Iowa 1982)
- Commonwealth v. Atencio
  345 Mass. 627, 189 N.E.2d 223 (1963)
- Smallwood v. State
  343 Md. 97, 680 A.2d 512 (1996)
- People v. Rizzo
  246 N.Y. 334, 158 N.E. 888 (1927)
- McQuirter v. State
  36 Ala. App. 707, 63 So. 2d 388 (Ct. App. 1953)
- United States v. Jackson
  835 F.2d 1195 (7th Cir. 1987)
- State v. Davis
  319 Mo. 1222, 6 S.W.2d 609 (1928)
- People v. Jaffe
  185 N.Y. 497, 78 N.E. 169 (1906)
- People v. Dlugash
  41 N.Y.2d 725, 395 N.Y.S.2d 419, 363 N.E.2d 1155 (1977)
- Commonwealth v. Carroll
  Pa. Sup. Ct., 412 Pa. 525, 194 A.2d 911 (1963)
- Commonwealth v. Welansky
  Mass. Sup. Jud. Ct., 316 Mass. 383. 55 N.E.2d 902 (1944)
- Hines v. State
  Ga. Sup. Ct., 578 S.E. 2d 868 (2003)
- People v. Burton
  Cal. Sup. Ct., 491 P.2d 793 (1971)
- United States v. Deegan
  605 F. 3d 625 (8th Cir. 2010)
- Atkins v. Virginia
  536 U.S 304 (2002)
- Commonwealth v. Roebuck
  Pa. Sup. Ct. 32 A.3d 613 (2011)
- People v. Chun
  Cal. Sup. Ct., 203 P.3d 425 (2009)
Group Criminality
- Hicks v. United States
  131 S. Ct. 51, 177 L. Ed. 2d 1139 (2010) [2010 BL 188636]
- State v. Gladstone
  152 Wn.2d 1017 (2004)
- People v. Luparello
  187 Cal.App.3d 410, 231 Cal.Rptr. 832 (Ct. App. 1986)
- United States v. Xavier
  10-4671, 2012 BL 130223 (3d Cir. May 25, 2012)
- State v. McVay
  157 Wn. App. 1004 (Ct. App. 2010) [2010 BL 170312]
- People v. Russel
  144502, 2012 BL 128267 (Mich. May 21, 2012)
- Wilcox v. Jeffery
- State v. Hayes
  105 Mo. 76, 16 S.W. 514 (1891)
- Taylor v. Commonwealth
  354 S.W.3d 592 (Ky. Ct. App. 2011) [2011 BL 273294]
- New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co. v. U.S
  212 U.S. 481, 29 S. Ct. 304, 53 L. Ed. 613 (1909)
- United States v. Hilton Hotels Corp
  459 U.S. 1036, 103 S. Ct. 446, 74 L. Ed. 2d 602 (1982)
- Commonwealth v. Beneficial Finance Co
  360 Mass. 188, 275 N.E.2d 33 (1971)
- Gordon v. United States
  C12-0205-JCC, 2012 BL 141939 (W.D. Wash. June 07, 2012)
- United States v. Park
  131 S. Ct. 296, 178 L. Ed. 2d 194 (2010) [2010 BL 235947]
- United States v. MacDonald & Watson Waste Oil Co
  546 U.S. 914, 126 S. Ct. 283, 163 L. Ed. 2d 250 (2005)
- Krulewitch v. United States
  336 U.S. 440, 69 S. Ct. 716, 93 L. Ed. 790 (1949)
- Pinkerton v. United States
  502 U.S. 824, 112 S. Ct. 89, 116 L. Ed. 2d 61 (1991)
- Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
  306 U.S. 208, 59 S. Ct. 467, 83 L. Ed. 610, 40 U.S.P.Q. 299 (1939)
- United States v. Alvarez
  131 S. Ct. 344, 178 L. Ed. 2d 223 (2010) [2010 BL 236174]
- People v. Lauria
  251 Cal.App.2d 471, 59 Cal.Rptr. 628 (Ct. App. 1967)
- Kotteakos v. United States
  328 U.S. 750, 66 S. Ct. 1239, 90 L. Ed. 1557 (1946)
- United States v. Bruno
  661 F.3d 733 (2d Cir. 2011) [2011 BL 293178]
- Gebardi v. United States
  287 U.S. 112, 53 S. Ct. 35, 77 L. Ed. 206 (1932)
- Garcia v. State
  PD-1516-11, 2012 BL 139366 (Tex. Crim. App. June 06, 2012)
- United States v. Elliott
  131 S. Ct. 483, 178 L. Ed. 2d 283 (2010) [2010 BL 240590]
Exculpation
- United States v. Peterson
  12-CR-224, 2012 BL 115543 (E.D.N.Y. May 09, 2012)
- People v. Goetz
  73 N.Y.2d 751, 536 N.Y.S.2d 45, 532 N.E.2d 1273 (1988)
- State v. Kelly
  97 N.J. 178, 478 A.2d 364 (1984)
- State v. Norman
  173 Wn.2d 1023, 272 P.3d 851 (2012)
- State v. Abbot
  622 A.2d 723 (Me. 1993)
- United States v. Peterson
  131 S. Ct. 617, 178 L. Ed. 2d 437 (2010) [2010 BL 269745]
- People v. Ceballos
  78 N.Y.2d 1074, 577 N.Y.S.2d 238, 583 N.E.2d 950 (1991)
- Durham v. State
  549 U.S. 1298, 127 S. Ct. 1858, 167 L. Ed. 2d 350 (2007)
- Tennessee v. Garner
  471 U.S. 1, 105 S. Ct. 1694, 85 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1985)
- People v. Unger
  482 Mich. 1027, 769 N.W.2d 186 (2008) [2008 BL 244179]
- United States v. Schoon
  971 F.2d 193 (9th Cir. 1991)
- Regina v. Dudley and Stephens
- Public Committee Against Torture v. State of Israel
- Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health
  497 U.S. 261, 110 S. Ct. 2841, 111 L. Ed. 2d 224 (1990)
- Washington v. Glucksberg
  521 U.S. 702, 117 S. Ct. 2302, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 138 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1997)
- State v. Toscano
  549 U.S. 1069, 127 S. Ct. 704, 166 L. Ed. 2d 545 (2006)
- Regina v. Kingston
- Roberts v. People
  19 Mich. 401 (1870)
- People v. Hood
  C066289, 2011 BL 323913 (Cal. Ct. App. Dec. 21, 2011
- M'Naghten's Case
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- Blake v. United States
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- United States v. Lyons
  10-10159-PBS., 2012 BL 112527, 2012 ILRC 1831 (D. Mass. May 04, 2012)
- State v. Green
  643 S.W.2d 902 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1982)
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  283 Fed. Appx. 984 (3d Cir. 2008) [2008 BL 284236]
Theft Offenses
- Commonwealth v. Tluchak
  166 Pa. Super. 16, 70 A.2d 657 (Super. Ct. 1950)
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  130 Wis. 244, 109 N.W. 1037 (1906)
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  962 N.E.2d 163 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012)
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  130 S. Ct. 1733, 176 L. Ed. 2d 208 (2010) [2010 BL 43468]
- State v. Riggins
  130 S. Ct. 1733, 176 L. Ed. 2d 208 (2010) [2010 BL 43468]
- Hufstetler v. State
  517 U.S. 1127, 116 S. Ct. 1368, 134 L. Ed. 2d 533 (1996)
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  187 F.2d 87, 88 U.S. App. D.C. 129 (D.C. Cir. 1950)
- People v. Ashley
  810 N.W.2d 582 (Mich. 2012) [2012 BL 102741]
- Nelson v. United States
  227 F.2d 21, 97 U.S. App. D.C. 6 (D.C. Cir. 1955)
- State v. Harrington
  441P92-6, 2012 BL 97483 (N.C. Apr. 12, 2012)
- People v. Fichtner
  281 App. Div. 159, 118 N.Y.S.2d 392 (App Div, 2d Dept 1952)
- State v. Miller
  192 Or. 188, 233 P.2d 786 (1951)
- United States v. Girard
  440 Fed. Appx. 894 (11th Cir. 2011) [2011 BL 242533]
- Regina v. Stewart
- United States v. Siegel
  555 U.S. 1087, 129 S. Ct. 770, 172 L. Ed. 2d 760 (2008) [2008 BL 276780]
- People v. Brown
  105 Cal. 66, 38 P. 518 (1894)
- Regina v. Feely
- People v. Reid
  2012 NY Slip Op 04272 (N.Y. June 05, 2012) [2012 BL 136331]
- Federal Thefts

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Citation. 22 Ill.412 Pa. 525, 194 A.2d 911 (1963)

Brief Fact Summary. Defendant Carroll was found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment for shooting and killing his wife after the two had violent argument. Defendant appealed, arguing that he was could not be found guilty of more than second-degree murder because the killing was not premeditated.

Synopsis of Rule of Law. While premeditation is an element of first-degree murder, where a killing is willful, deliberate and intentional, no time is too short for the necessary premeditation to occur.

Facts. Defendant married a woman who later suffered from a schizoid personality type, complained of nervousness and was violent in disciplining their children. Upon his wife’s suggestion and request, Defendant placed a loaded pistol on the windowsill near their bed so that his wife would feel safe while he was out of town. When he returned from his trip, a violent fight ensued and continued for several hours. Defendant remembered the gun on the windowsill over his head, and according to his own testimony, he “reached up and grabbed the pistol and brought it down and shot her [his wife] twice in the back of the head.” He testified that he was not sure whether he felt is had move toward the gun and that the only thing he could remember from that point on is after the shots. “All I remember hearing was two shots and feeling myself go cold all of the sudden.” Defendant pleaded guilty to the indictment charging him with murder and he was subsequently tried without a jury and found guilty
of first degree murder. The Defendant appeals, arguing that there was no premeditation and therefore the killing did not constitute first-degree murder.

Issue. Does the evidence sustain a conviction of murder in the first degree? In other words, was the evidence presented at trial enough to prove the element of premeditation necessary for a conviction of murder in the first?

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Criminal Law Keyed to Kadish

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