Kleppe v. New Mexico

Table of Contents

Constitutional Law Keyed to Cohen

Judicial Review
- Marbury v. Madison
  5 U.S. 137, 1 Cranch 137, 2 L. Ed. 60 (1803)
- Ex Parte McCardle
  74 U.S. 506, 7 Wall. 506, 19 L. Ed. 264 (1869)
The Jurisdiction Of Federal Courts In Constitutional Cases
- Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
  14 U.S. 304, 1 Wheat. 304, 4 L. Ed. 97 (1816)
- Michigan v. Long
  463 U.S. 1032, 103 S. Ct. 3469, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1201 (1983)
- Warth v. Seldin
  422 U.S. 490, 95 S. Ct. 2197, 45 L. Ed. 2d 343 (1975)
- Craig v. Boren
  429 U.S. 190, 97 S. Ct. 451, 50 L. Ed. 2d 397 (1976)
- Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
  504 U.S. 555, 112 S. Ct. 2130, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351, 34 ERC 1785 (1992)
- Raines v. Bird
  521 U.S. 811, 117 S. Ct. 2312, 138 L. Ed. 2d 849 (1997)
- Defunis v. Odegaard
  U.S. 312, 94 S. Ct. 1704, 40 L. Ed. 2d 164 (1974)
- City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
  461 U.S. 95, 103 S. Ct. 1660, 75 L. Ed. 2d 675 (1983)
- Powell v. McCormack
  395 U.S. 486, 89 S. Ct. 1944, 23 L. Ed. 2d 491 (1969)
- Nixon v. United States
  506 U.S. 224, 113 S. Ct. 732, 122 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1993)
- Goldwater v. Carter
  444 U.S. 996, 100 S. Ct. 533, 62 L. Ed. 2d 428 (1979)
The Scope Of National Power
- McCulloch v. Maryland
  17 U.S. 316, 4 Wheat. 316, 4 L. Ed. 579 (1819)
- Gibbons v. Ogden
  22 U.S. 1, 9 Wheat. 1, 6 L. Ed. 23 (1824)
- Cooley v. Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia
  53 U.S. 299, 12 Howard 299, 13 L. Ed. 996 (1852)
- Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  379 U.S. 241, 85 S. Ct. 348, 13 L. Ed. 2d 258 (1964)
- Katzenbach v. McClung
  379 U.S. 294, 85 S. Ct. 377, 13 L. Ed. 2d 290 (1964)
- United States v. Morrison
  529 U.S. 598, 120 S. Ct. 1740, 146 L. Ed. 2d 658, 82 FEP Cases 1313 (2000)
- Sonzinsky v. United States
  300 U.S. 506, 57 S. Ct. 554, 81 L. Ed. 772 (1937)
- Woods v. Cloyd W. Miller Co
  333 U.S. 138, 68 S. Ct. 421, 92 L. Ed. 596 (1948)
- Missouri v. Holland
  252 U.S. 416, 40 S. Ct. 382, 64 L. Ed. 641 (1920)
- Kleppe v. New Mexico
  426 U.S. 529, 96 S. Ct. 2285, 49 L. Ed. 2d 34 (1976)
- Raines v. Byrd
  521 U.S. 811 (1997)
State Sovereignty And Federal Regulation
- Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
  469 U.S. 528, 105 S. Ct. 1005, 83 L. Ed. 2d 1016, 27 WH Cases 65 (1985)
- New York v. United States
  505 U.S. 144, 112 S. Ct. 2408, 120 L. Ed. 2d 120, 34 ERC 1817 (1992)
- Printz v. United States
  521 U.S. 898, 117 S. Ct. 2365, 138 L. Ed. 2d 914 (1997)
- Pennhurst State School & Hospital v. Halderman
  465 U.S. 89, 104 S. Ct. 900, 79 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1984)
- Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
  517 U.S. 44, 116 S. Ct. 1114, 134 L. Ed. 2d 252, 42 ERC 1289 (1996)
The Scope Of State Power
- New Energy Co. of Indiana v. Limbach
  486 U.S. 269, 108 S. Ct. 1803, 100 L. Ed. 2d 302 (1988)
- Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corporation
  450 U.S. 662, 101 S. Ct. 1309, 67 L. Ed. 2d 580 (1981)
- Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison, Wis
  340 U.S. 349, 71 S. Ct. 295, 95 L. Ed. 329 (1951)
- Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co
  449 U.S. 456, 101 S. Ct. 715, 66 L. Ed. 2d 659, 15 ERC 1473 (1981)
- West Lynn Creamery v. Healy
  512 U.S. 186, 114 S. Ct. 2205, 129 L. Ed. 2d 157 (1994)
- C & A Carbone v. Town of Clarkstown
  511 U.S. 383, 114 S. Ct. 1677, 128 L. Ed. 2d 399, 38 ERC 1529 (1994)
- H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
  336 U.S. 525, 69 S. Ct. 657, 93 L. Ed. 865 (1949)
- Philadelphia v. New Jersey
  437 U.S. 617, 98 S. Ct. 2531, 57 L. Ed. 2d 475, 11 ERC 1770 (1978)
- Hughes v. Oklahoma
  441 U.S. 322, 99 S. Ct. 1727, 60 L. Ed. 2d 250, 12 ERC 2106 (1979)
- Reeves, Inc v. Stake
  447 U.S. 429, 100 S. Ct. 2271, 65 L. Ed. 2d 244 (1980)
- White v. Massachusetts Council for Construction Employers, Inc
  460 U.S. 204, 103 S. Ct. 1042, 75 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1983)
- Lewis v. BT Investment Managers, Inc
  447 U.S. 27, 100 S. Ct. 2009, 64 L. Ed. 2d 702 (1980)
- CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America
  481 U.S. 69, 107 S. Ct. 1637, 95 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1987)
- United Building and Construction Trades Council of Camden County and Vicinity v. Mayor and Council of the City of Camden
  465 U.S. 208, 104 S. Ct. 1020, 79 L. Ed. 2d 249 (1984)
- Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman
  487 U.S. 59, 108 S. Ct. 2260, 101 L. Ed. 2d 56 (1988)
- Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias
  468 U.S. 263, 104 S. Ct. 3049, 82 L. Ed. 2d 200 (1984)
- Capital Cities Cable, Inc v. Crisp
  467 U.S. 691, 104 S. Ct. 2694, 81 L. Ed. 2d 580, 10 Med. L. Rptr. 1873 (1984)
- Gade v. National Solid Waste Management Association
  505 U.S. 88, 112 S. Ct. 2374, 120 L. Ed. 2d 73, 15 OSHC 1673 (1992)
Separation Of Powers
- Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (The Steel Seizure Case)
  343 U.S. 579, 72 S. Ct. 863, 96 L. Ed. 1153, 30 LRRM 2172 (1952)
- The Prize Cases
  67 U.S. 635, 2 Black 635, 17 L. Ed. 459 (1863)
- Mora v. McNamara
  389 U.S. 934, 88 S. Ct. 282, 19 L. Ed. 2d 287 (1967)
- Clinton v. New York
  524 U.S. 417, 118 S. Ct. 2091, 141 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1998)
- Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  462 U.S. 919, 103 S. Ct. 2764, 77 L. Ed. 2d 317 (1983)
- Morrison v. Olson
  487 U.S. 654, 108 S. Ct. 2597, 101 L. Ed. 2d 569 (1988)
- United States v. Nixon
  506 U.S. 224, 113 S. Ct. 732, 122 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1993)
- Clinton v. Jones
  142 F.3d 496, 330 U.S. App. D.C. 48, 26 Med. L. Rptr. 1660 (D.C. Cir. 1998)
- Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
  103 F. Supp. 569, 30 LRRM 2001 (D.D.C. 1952)
- Dames & Moore v. Regan
  544 F. Supp. 94 (C.D. Cal. 1982)
- INS v. Chadha
  462 U.S. 919, 103 S. Ct. 2764, 77 L. Ed. 2d 317 (1983)
- Clinton v. City of New York
  524 U.S. 417, 118 S. Ct. 2091, 141 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1998)
- Bowsher v. Synar
  478 U.S. 714, 106 S. Ct. 3181, 92 L. Ed. 2d 583 (1986)
- Morrison v. Olson
  487 U.S. 654, 108 S. Ct. 2597, 101 L. Ed. 2d 569 (1988)
The Bill Of Rights, The Civil War Amendments, And Their Inter-Relationship
- Barron v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
  32 U.S. 243, 7 Pet. 243, 8 L. Ed. 672 (1833)
- Slaughter-House Cases
  83 U.S. 36, 16 Wall. 36, 21 L. Ed. 394 (1873)
- Palko v. Connecticut
  302 U.S. 319, 58 S. Ct. 149, 82 L. Ed. 288 (1937)
- Duncan v. Louisiana
  536 U.S. 907, 122 S. Ct. 2362, 153 L. Ed. 2d 183 (2002)
- City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.
  535 U.S.425 (2002)
The Due Process, Contract, And Just Compensation Clauses And The Review Of The Reasonableness Of Legislation
- Lochner v. New York
  198 U.S. 45, 25 S. Ct. 539, 49 L. Ed. 937 (1905)
- Nebbia v. New York
  291 U.S. 502, 54 S. Ct. 505, 78 L. Ed. 940 (1934)
- United States v. Carolene Products Co
  304 U.S. 144, 58 S. Ct. 778, 82 L. Ed. 1234 (1938)
- Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc
  348 U.S. 483, 75 S. Ct. 461, 99 L. Ed. 563 (1955)
- Ferguson v. Skrupa
  372 U.S. 726, 83 S. Ct. 1028, 10 L. Ed. 2d 93 (1963)
- United States Trust Co of New York v. New Jersey
  431 U.S. 1, 97 S. Ct. 1505, 52 L. Ed. 2d 92 (1977)
- Allied Structural Steel Co v. Spannaus
  438 U.S. 234, 98 S. Ct. 2716, 57 L. Ed. 2d 727, 1 EBC 1477 (1978)
- Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
  505 U.S. 1003, 112 S. Ct. 2886, 120 L. Ed. 2d 798, 34 ERC 1897 (1992)
- Dolan v. City of Tigard
  512 U.S. 374, 114 S. Ct. 2309, 129 L. Ed. 2d 304, 38 ERC 1769 (1994)
- Griswold v. Connecticut
  381 U.S. 479, 85 S. Ct. 1678, 14 L. Ed. 2d 510 (1965)
- Moore v. City of East Cleveland, Ohio
  431 U.S. 494, 97 S. Ct. 1932, 52 L. Ed. 2d 531 (1977)
- Zablocki v. Redhail
  434 U.S. 374, 98 S. Ct. 673, 54 L. Ed. 2d 618 (1978)
- Michael H. v. Gerald D
  504 U.S. 905, 112 S. Ct. 1931, 118 L. Ed. 2d 538 (1992)
- Roe v. Wade
  410 U.S. 959, 93 S. Ct. 1409, 35 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1973)
- Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
  510 U.S. 1309, 114 S. Ct. 909, 127 L. Ed. 2d 352 (1994)
- Bowers v. Hardwick
  478 U.S. 186, 106 S. Ct. 2841, 92 L. Ed. 2d 140 (1986)
- Washington v. Glucksberg
  521 U.S. 702, 117 S. Ct. 2302, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 138 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1997)
The Equal Protection Clause And The Review Of The Reasonableness Of Legislation
- Railway Express Agency v. New York
  336 U.S. 106, 69 S. Ct. 463, 93 L. Ed. 533 (1949)
- Federal Communications Commission v. Beach Communications, Inc
  508 U.S. 307, 113 S. Ct. 2096, 124 L. Ed. 2d 211, 21 Med. L. Rptr. 1466 (1993)
- Loving v. Virginia
  388 U.S. 1, 87 S. Ct. 1817, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1010 (1967)
- Palmore v. Sidoti
  466 U.S. 429, 104 S. Ct. 1879, 80 L. Ed. 2d 421 (1984)
- Plessy v. Ferguson
  163 U.S. 537, 16 S. Ct. 1138, 41 L. Ed. 256 (1896)
- Bolling v. Sharpe
  347 U.S. 497, 74 S. Ct. 693, 98 L. Ed. 884 (1954)
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  349 U.S. 294, 75 S. Ct. 753, 99 L. Ed. 1083 (1955)
- Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
  402 U.S. 1, 91 S. Ct. 1267, 28 L. Ed. 2d 554 (1971)
- Reed v. Reed
  404 U.S. 71, 92 S. Ct. 251, 30 L. Ed. 2d 225 (1971)
- Frontiero v. Richardson
  411 U.S. 677, 93 S. Ct. 1764, 36 L. Ed. 2d 583, 9 FEP Cases 1253 (1973)
- Craig v. Boren
  429 U.S. 1124, 97 S. Ct. 1161, 51 L. Ed. 2d 574 (1977)
- Michael M. v. Superior Court
  450 U.S. 464, 101 S. Ct. 1200, 67 L. Ed. 2d 437 (1981)
- United States v. Virginia
  972 F. Supp. 1008 (E.D. Va. 1997)
- Washington v. Davis
  01-1863, 2001 BL 1782, 13 AD Cases 1043 (E.D. La. Oct. 23, 2001)
- Rogers v. Lodge
  459 U.S. 899, 103 S. Ct. 198, 74 L. Ed. 2d 160 (1982)
- Khan v. Shevin
  416 U.S. 351, 94 S. Ct. 1734, 40 L. Ed. 2d 189 (1974)
- Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
  458 U.S. 718, 102 S. Ct. 3331, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1090 (1982)
- Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
  438 U.S. 912, 98 S. Ct. 3140, 57 L. Ed. 2d 1158 (1978)
- City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
  779 F.2d 181 (4th Cir. 1985)
- Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena
  515 U.S. 200, 115 S. Ct. 2097, 132 L. Ed. 2d 158, 67 FEP Cases 1828 (1995)
- Graham v. Richardson
  403 U.S. 365, 91 S. Ct. 1848, 29 L. Ed. 2d 534 (1971)
- Bernal v. Fainter
  467 U.S. 216, 104 S. Ct. 2312, 81 L. Ed. 2d 175 (1984)
- Mathews v. Diaz
  426 U.S. 67, 96 S. Ct. 1883, 48 L. Ed. 2d 478 (1976)
- Lalli v. Lalli
  439 U.S. 259, 99 S. Ct. 518, 58 L. Ed. 2d 503 (1978)
- City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center
  473 U.S. 432, 105 S. Ct. 3249, 87 L. Ed. 2d 313 (1985)
Defining The Scope Of "Liberty" And "Property" Protected By The Due Process Clause-The Procedural Due Process Cases
- Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
  408 U.S. 564, 92 S. Ct. 2701, 33 L. Ed. 2d 548, 1 IER Cases 23 (1972)
- Sandin v. Conner
  515 U.S. 472, 115 S. Ct. 2293, 132 L. Ed. 2d 418 (1995)
- Daniels v. Williams
  474 U.S. 327, 106 S. Ct. 677, 106 S. Ct. 662, 88 L. Ed. 2d 662 (1986)
- Vlandis v. Kline
  412 U.S. 441, 93 S. Ct. 2230, 37 L. Ed. 2d 63 (1973)
- Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
  414 U.S. 632, 94 S. Ct. 791, 39 L. Ed. 2d 52, 6 FEP Cases 1253 (1974)
- Weinberger v. Salfi
  422 U.S. 749, 95 S. Ct. 2457, 45 L. Ed. 2d 522 (1975)
- Kahn v. Shevin
  416 U.S.351 (1974)
- Plessy v. Ferguson
  163 U.S. 537 (1896)
- Vieth v. Jubelirer
  541 U.S. 267 (2004)
Application Of The Post Civil War Amendments To Private Conduct: Congressional Power To Enforce The Amendments
- Civil Rights Cases
  109 U.S. 3, 3 S. Ct. 18, 27 L. Ed. 835 (1883)
- Flagg Brothers, Inc. v. Brooks
  436 U.S. 149, 98 S. Ct. 1729, 56 L. Ed. 2d 185 (1978)
- Shelley v. Kraemer
  334 U.S. 1, 68 S. Ct. 836, 92 L. Ed. 1161 (1948)
- Pennsylvania v. Board of City Trusts
  353 U.S. 230, 77 S. Ct. 806, 1 L. Ed. 2d 792 (1957)
- Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority
  365 U.S. 715, 81 S. Ct. 856, 6 L. Ed. 2d 45 (1961)
- Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis
  107 v. Irvis, 407 U.S. 163, 92 S. Ct. 1965, 32 L. Ed. 2d 627 (1972)
- Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co
  419 U.S. 345, 95 S. Ct. 449, 42 L. Ed. 2d 477 (1974)
- Reitman v. Mulkey
  387 U.S. 369, 87 S. Ct. 1627, 18 L. Ed. 2d 830 (1967)
- Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co
  392 U.S. 409, 88 S. Ct. 2186, 20 L. Ed. 2d 1189 (1968)
- City of Rome v. United States
  447 U.S. 916, 100 S. Ct. 3003, 64 L. Ed. 2d 865 (1980)
- City of Boerne v. Flores
  521 U.S. 507, 117 S. Ct. 2157, 138 L. Ed. 2d 624, 74 FEP Cases 62 (1997)
- Dickerson v. United States
  556 U.S. 1288, 129 S. Ct. 2782, 174 L. Ed. 2d 282 (2009) [2009 BL 122541]
Governmental Control Of The Content Of Expression
- Gitlow v. New York
  268 U.S. 652, 45 S. Ct. 625, 69 L. Ed. 1138 (1925)
- Yates v. United States
  130 S. Ct. 518, 175 L. Ed. 2d 366 (2009) [2009 BL 237347]
- Scales v. United States
  130 S. Ct. 423, 175 L. Ed. 2d 290 (2009) [2009 BL 220298]
- Brandenbeurg v. Ohio
  395 U.S. 444, 89 S. Ct. 1827, 23 L. Ed. 2d 430 (1969)
- Coates v. Cincinnati
  402 U.S. 611, 91 S. Ct. 1686, 29 L. Ed. 2d 214 (1971)
- Near v. Minnesota
  283 U.S. 697, 51 S. Ct. 625, 75 L. Ed. 1357, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1001 (1931)
- New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
  376 U.S. 967, 84 S. Ct. 1130, 12 L. Ed. 2d 83 (1964)
- Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc
  459 U.S. 1226, 103 S. Ct. 1233, 75 L. Ed. 2d 467 (1983)
- Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc
  538 U.S. 1032, 155 L. Ed. 2d 1061 (2003)
- The Florida Star v. B.J.F
  488 U.S. 887, 109 S. Ct. 216, 102 L. Ed. 2d 208 (1988)
- Paris Adult Theater I v. Slaton
  419 U.S. 887, 95 S. Ct. 163, 42 L. Ed. 2d 133 (1974)
- Miller v. California
  2:10-cv-02850-GEB-DAD., 2011 BL 247729 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2011)
- Jenkins v. Georgia
  546 U.S. 1214, 126 S. Ct. 1457, 164 L. Ed. 2d 132 (2006)
- American Booksellers Association, Inc. v. Hudnut
  475 U.S. 1132, 106 S. Ct. 1664, 90 L. Ed. 2d 206 (1986)
- United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc
  529 U.S. 803, 120 S. Ct. 1878, 146 L. Ed. 2d 865, 20 CR 551, 28 Med. L. Rptr. 1801, 5 ILRD 260 (2000)
- Cohen v. California
  469 U.S. 879, 105 S. Ct. 243, 83 L. Ed. 2d 182 (1984)
- City of Houston, Texas v. Hill
  483 U.S. 1001, 107 S. Ct. 3222, 97 L. Ed. 2d 729 (1987)
- R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, Minnesota
  505 U.S. 377, 112 S. Ct. 2538, 120 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1992)
- Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc
  425 U.S. 748, 96 S. Ct. 1817, 48 L. Ed. 2d 346, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1930 (1976)
- Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
  447 U.S. 557, 100 S. Ct. 2343, 65 L. Ed. 2d 341, 6 Med. L. Rptr. 1497 (1980)
- 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
  517 U.S. 484, 116 S. Ct. 1495, 134 L. Ed. 2d 711, 24 Med. L. Rptr. 1673 (1996)
- Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States
  527 U.S. 173, 119 S. Ct. 1923, 144 L. Ed. 2d 161, 16 CR 162, 27 Med. L. Rptr. 1769 (1999)
- Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
  531 U.S. 356 (2001)
- Nevada Departmetn of Human Resources v. Hibbs
  538 U.S. 721 (2003)
- Tennessee v. Lane
  541 U.S. 509 (2004)
Restrictions On Time, Place, Or Matter Of Expression
- Frisby v. Schultz
  487 U.S. 474, 108 S. Ct. 2495, 101 L. Ed. 2d 420 (1988)
- Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc
  512 U.S. 753, 114 S. Ct. 2516, 129 L. Ed. 2d 593 (1994)
- Hill v. Colorado
  530 U.S. 703, 120 S. Ct. 2480, 147 L. Ed. 2d 597 (2000)
- Adderley v. Florida
- International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
  505 U.S. 672, 112 S. Ct. 2711, 112 S. Ct. 2701, 120 L. Ed. 2d 541, 20 Med. L. Rptr. 1297 (1992)
- Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes
  523 U.S. 666, 118 S. Ct. 1633, 140 L. Ed. 2d 875, 11 CR 1421, 26 Med. L. Rptr. 1673 (1998)
- City of Ladue v. Gilleo
  512 U.S. 43, 114 S. Ct. 2038, 129 L. Ed. 2d 36 (1994)
- City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc
  475 U.S. 41, 106 S. Ct. 925, 89 L. Ed. 2d 29, 12 Med. L. Rptr. 1721 (1986)
- Consolidated Edison Co. of New York v. Public Service Commission
  447 U.S. 530, 100 S. Ct. 2326, 65 L. Ed. 2d 319, 6 Med. L. Rptr. 1518 (1980)
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
  393 U.S. 503, 89 S. Ct. 733, 21 L. Ed. 2d 731 (1969)
- Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser
  478 U.S. 675, 106 S. Ct. 3159, 92 L. Ed. 2d 549 (1986)
- Board of Education v. Pico
  457 U.S. 853, 102 S. Ct. 2799, 73 L. Ed. 2d 435, 8 Med. L. Rptr. 1721 (1982)
- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
  484 U.S. 260, 108 S. Ct. 562, 98 L. Ed. 2d 592, 14 Med. L. Rptr. 2081 (1988)
- Rust v. Sullivan
  500 U.S. 173, 111 S. Ct. 1759, 114 L. Ed. 2d 233 (1991)
- National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley
  524 U.S. 569, 118 S. Ct. 2168, 141 L. Ed. 2d 500 (1998)
- Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
  535 U.S. 234 (2002)
- Lorillard Tobacco Co.v. Reilly
  533 U.S.525 (2001)
- Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
  535 U.S. 357 (2002)
- Virginia v. Black
  538 U.S. 343 (2003)
- Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York v. Village of Stratton
  536 U.S. 150 (2002)
- Bartnicki v. Vopper
  532 U.S. 514 (2001)
Protection Of Penumbral First Amendment Rights
- United States v. O'Brien
  391 U.S. 367, 88 S. Ct. 1673, 20 L. Ed. 2d 672 (1968)
- Texas v. Johnson
  491 U.S. 397, 109 S. Ct. 2533, 105 L. Ed. 2d 342 (1989)
- City of Erie v. Pap's A.M
  529 U.S. 277, 120 S. Ct. 1382, 146 L. Ed. 2d 265, 28 Med. L. Rptr. 1545 (2000)
- NAACP v. Alabama
  357 U.S. 449, 78 S. Ct. 1163, 2 L. Ed. 2d 1488 (1958)
- NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co
  458 U.S. 886, 102 S. Ct. 3409, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1215 (1982)
- Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
  530 U.S. 640, 120 S. Ct. 2446, 147 L. Ed. 2d 554 (2000)
- Keller v. State Bar of California
  496 U.S. 1, 110 S. Ct. 2228, 110 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1990)
- Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc
  521 U.S. 457, 117 S. Ct. 2130, 138 L. Ed. 2d 585, 25 Med. L. Rptr. 1801 (1997)
- Pacific Gas and Electric Company v. Public Utilities Commission of California
  475 U.S. 1, 106 S. Ct. 903, 89 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1986)
- Tasjian v. Republican Party of Connecticut
  479 U.S. 208, 107 S. Ct. 544, 93 L. Ed. 2d 514 (1986)
- California Democratic Party v. Jones
  530 U.S. 567, 120 S. Ct. 2402, 147 L. Ed. 2d 502 (2000)
- Buckley v. Valeo
  424 U.S. 1, 96 S. Ct. 612, 46 L. Ed. 2d 659 (1976)
- First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
  435 U.S. 765, 98 S. Ct. 1407, 55 L. Ed. 2d 707, 3 Med. L. Rptr. 2105 (1978)
- Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
  494 U.S. 652, 110 S. Ct. 1391, 108 L. Ed. 2d 652 (1990)
- Buckley v. Valeo
  424 U.S. 1, 96 S. Ct. 612, 46 L. Ed. 2d 659 (1976)
- McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission
  514 U.S. 334, 115 S. Ct. 1511, 131 L. Ed. 2d 426, 23 Med. L. Rptr. 1577 (1995)
- Connick v. Myers
  461 U.S. 138, 103 S. Ct. 1684, 75 L. Ed. 2d 708, 1 IER Cases 178 (1983)
- United States Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers ALF-CIO
  413 U.S. 548, 93 S. Ct. 2880, 37 L. Ed. 2d 796 (1973)
- United States v. National Treasury Employees Union
  513 U.S. 454, 115 S. Ct. 1003, 130 L. Ed. 2d 964, 10 IER Cases 452 (1995)
- Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
  497 U.S. 62, 110 S. Ct. 2729, 111 L. Ed. 2d 52, 5 IER Cases 673 (1990)
- Consolidated Edison Co. of New York v. Public Service Commission
  447 U.S.530 (1980)
- Cutter v. Wilkinson
  544 U.S. 709 (2005)
- Legal Services Corporation v. Velazquez
  531 U.S. 533 (2001)
- Morse v. Frederick
  551 U.S. 393 (2007)
- United States v. American Library Association, Inc.
  533 U.S. 405 (2001)
Freedom Of The Press
- Minneapolis Star and Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue
  460 U.S. 575, 103 S. Ct. 1365, 75 L. Ed. 2d 295, 9 Med. L. Rptr. 1369 (1983)
- Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations
  413 U.S. 376, 93 S. Ct. 2553, 37 L. Ed. 2d 669, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1908, 5 FEP Cases 1141 (1973)
- Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
  418 U.S. 241, 94 S. Ct. 2831, 41 L. Ed. 2d 730, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1898 (1974)
- New York Times Co. v. United States [the Cases of the Pentagon Papers.]
  403 U.S. 713, 91 S. Ct. 2140, 29 L. Ed. 2d 822, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1031 (1971)
- Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart
  427 U.S. 539, 96 S. Ct. 2791, 49 L. Ed. 2d 683, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1064 (1976)
- Branzburg v. Hayes
  408 U.S. 665, 92 S. Ct. 2686, 92 S. Ct. 2646, 33 L. Ed. 2d 626, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 2617 (1972)
- Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia
  448 U.S. 555, 100 S. Ct. 2814, 65 L. Ed. 2d 973, 6 Med. L. Rptr. 1833 (1980)
- Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Democratic National Committee
  412 U.S. 94, 93 S. Ct. 2080, 36 L. Ed. 2d 772, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1855 (1973)
- Turner Broadcasting System v. Federal Communications Commission
  520 U.S. 180, 117 S. Ct. 1174, 137 L. Ed. 2d 369, 25 Med. L. Rptr. 1449, 6 CR 829 (1997)
- Clingman v. Beaver
  544 U.S. 581 (2005)
- Garcetti v. Ceballos
  547 U.S. 410 (2006)
- Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association
  544 U.S. 550 (2005)
- Randall v. Sorrell
  548 U.S. 230 (2006)
- Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc.
  547 U.S. 47 (2006)
- Davis v. Federal Election Commission
  128S.Ct. 2759 (2008)
Religion And The Constitution
- Everson v. Board of Education
  330 U.S. 1, 67 S. Ct. 504, 91 L. Ed. 711 (1947)
- Zorach v. Clauson
  343 U.S. 306, 72 S. Ct. 679, 96 L. Ed. 954 (1952)
- Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
  530 U.S. 290, 120 S. Ct. 2266, 147 L. Ed. 2d 295 (2000)
- Edwards v. Aguillard
  482 U.S. 578, 107 S. Ct. 2573, 96 L. Ed. 2d 510 (1987)
- County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union
  492 U.S. 573, 109 S. Ct. 3086, 106 L. Ed. 2d 472 (1989)
- Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette
  515 U.S. 753, 115 S. Ct. 2440, 132 L. Ed. 2d 650 (1995)
- Agostini v. Felton
  521 U.S. 203, 117 S. Ct. 1997, 138 L. Ed. 2d 391 (1997)
- Mitchell v. Helms
  530 U.S. 793, 120 S. Ct. 2530, 147 L. Ed. 2d 660 (2000)
- Roemer v. Board of Public Works
  426 U.S. 736, 96 S. Ct. 2337, 49 L. Ed. 2d 179 (1976)
- Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia
  515 U.S. 819, 115 S. Ct. 2510, 132 L. Ed. 2d 700 (1995)
- Sherbert v. Verner
  374 U.S. 398, 83 S. Ct. 1790, 10 L. Ed. 2d 965, 9 FEP Cases 1152 (1963)
- Wisconsin v. Yoder
  406 U.S. 205, 92 S. Ct. 1526, 32 L. Ed. 2d 15 (1972)
- Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith
  494 U.S. 872, 110 S. Ct. 1595, 108 L. Ed. 2d 876, 52 FEP Cases 855 (1990)

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Law Dictionary

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Constitutional Law Keyed to Cohen

Judicial Review
- Marbury v. Madison
  5 U.S. 137, 1 Cranch 137, 2 L. Ed. 60 (1803)
- Ex Parte McCardle
  74 U.S. 506, 7 Wall. 506, 19 L. Ed. 264 (1869)
The Jurisdiction Of Federal Courts In Constitutional Cases
- Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
  14 U.S. 304, 1 Wheat. 304, 4 L. Ed. 97 (1816)
- Michigan v. Long
  463 U.S. 1032, 103 S. Ct. 3469, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1201 (1983)
- Warth v. Seldin
  422 U.S. 490, 95 S. Ct. 2197, 45 L. Ed. 2d 343 (1975)
- Craig v. Boren
  429 U.S. 190, 97 S. Ct. 451, 50 L. Ed. 2d 397 (1976)
- Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
  504 U.S. 555, 112 S. Ct. 2130, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351, 34 ERC 1785 (1992)
- Raines v. Bird
  521 U.S. 811, 117 S. Ct. 2312, 138 L. Ed. 2d 849 (1997)
- Defunis v. Odegaard
  U.S. 312, 94 S. Ct. 1704, 40 L. Ed. 2d 164 (1974)
- City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
  461 U.S. 95, 103 S. Ct. 1660, 75 L. Ed. 2d 675 (1983)
- Powell v. McCormack
  395 U.S. 486, 89 S. Ct. 1944, 23 L. Ed. 2d 491 (1969)
- Nixon v. United States
  506 U.S. 224, 113 S. Ct. 732, 122 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1993)
- Goldwater v. Carter
  444 U.S. 996, 100 S. Ct. 533, 62 L. Ed. 2d 428 (1979)
The Scope Of National Power
- McCulloch v. Maryland
  17 U.S. 316, 4 Wheat. 316, 4 L. Ed. 579 (1819)
- Gibbons v. Ogden
  22 U.S. 1, 9 Wheat. 1, 6 L. Ed. 23 (1824)
- Cooley v. Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia
  53 U.S. 299, 12 Howard 299, 13 L. Ed. 996 (1852)
- Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  379 U.S. 241, 85 S. Ct. 348, 13 L. Ed. 2d 258 (1964)
- Katzenbach v. McClung
  379 U.S. 294, 85 S. Ct. 377, 13 L. Ed. 2d 290 (1964)
- United States v. Morrison
  529 U.S. 598, 120 S. Ct. 1740, 146 L. Ed. 2d 658, 82 FEP Cases 1313 (2000)
- Sonzinsky v. United States
  300 U.S. 506, 57 S. Ct. 554, 81 L. Ed. 772 (1937)
- Woods v. Cloyd W. Miller Co
  333 U.S. 138, 68 S. Ct. 421, 92 L. Ed. 596 (1948)
- Missouri v. Holland
  252 U.S. 416, 40 S. Ct. 382, 64 L. Ed. 641 (1920)
- Kleppe v. New Mexico
  426 U.S. 529, 96 S. Ct. 2285, 49 L. Ed. 2d 34 (1976)
- Raines v. Byrd
  521 U.S. 811 (1997)
State Sovereignty And Federal Regulation
- Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
  469 U.S. 528, 105 S. Ct. 1005, 83 L. Ed. 2d 1016, 27 WH Cases 65 (1985)
- New York v. United States
  505 U.S. 144, 112 S. Ct. 2408, 120 L. Ed. 2d 120, 34 ERC 1817 (1992)
- Printz v. United States
  521 U.S. 898, 117 S. Ct. 2365, 138 L. Ed. 2d 914 (1997)
- Pennhurst State School & Hospital v. Halderman
  465 U.S. 89, 104 S. Ct. 900, 79 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1984)
- Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
  517 U.S. 44, 116 S. Ct. 1114, 134 L. Ed. 2d 252, 42 ERC 1289 (1996)
The Scope Of State Power
- New Energy Co. of Indiana v. Limbach
  486 U.S. 269, 108 S. Ct. 1803, 100 L. Ed. 2d 302 (1988)
- Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corporation
  450 U.S. 662, 101 S. Ct. 1309, 67 L. Ed. 2d 580 (1981)
- Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison, Wis
  340 U.S. 349, 71 S. Ct. 295, 95 L. Ed. 329 (1951)
- Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co
  449 U.S. 456, 101 S. Ct. 715, 66 L. Ed. 2d 659, 15 ERC 1473 (1981)
- West Lynn Creamery v. Healy
  512 U.S. 186, 114 S. Ct. 2205, 129 L. Ed. 2d 157 (1994)
- C & A Carbone v. Town of Clarkstown
  511 U.S. 383, 114 S. Ct. 1677, 128 L. Ed. 2d 399, 38 ERC 1529 (1994)
- H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
  336 U.S. 525, 69 S. Ct. 657, 93 L. Ed. 865 (1949)
- Philadelphia v. New Jersey
  437 U.S. 617, 98 S. Ct. 2531, 57 L. Ed. 2d 475, 11 ERC 1770 (1978)
- Hughes v. Oklahoma
  441 U.S. 322, 99 S. Ct. 1727, 60 L. Ed. 2d 250, 12 ERC 2106 (1979)
- Reeves, Inc v. Stake
  447 U.S. 429, 100 S. Ct. 2271, 65 L. Ed. 2d 244 (1980)
- White v. Massachusetts Council for Construction Employers, Inc
  460 U.S. 204, 103 S. Ct. 1042, 75 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1983)
- Lewis v. BT Investment Managers, Inc
  447 U.S. 27, 100 S. Ct. 2009, 64 L. Ed. 2d 702 (1980)
- CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America
  481 U.S. 69, 107 S. Ct. 1637, 95 L. Ed. 2d 67 (1987)
- United Building and Construction Trades Council of Camden County and Vicinity v. Mayor and Council of the City of Camden
  465 U.S. 208, 104 S. Ct. 1020, 79 L. Ed. 2d 249 (1984)
- Supreme Court of Virginia v. Friedman
  487 U.S. 59, 108 S. Ct. 2260, 101 L. Ed. 2d 56 (1988)
- Bacchus Imports, Ltd. v. Dias
  468 U.S. 263, 104 S. Ct. 3049, 82 L. Ed. 2d 200 (1984)
- Capital Cities Cable, Inc v. Crisp
  467 U.S. 691, 104 S. Ct. 2694, 81 L. Ed. 2d 580, 10 Med. L. Rptr. 1873 (1984)
- Gade v. National Solid Waste Management Association
  505 U.S. 88, 112 S. Ct. 2374, 120 L. Ed. 2d 73, 15 OSHC 1673 (1992)
Separation Of Powers
- Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (The Steel Seizure Case)
  343 U.S. 579, 72 S. Ct. 863, 96 L. Ed. 1153, 30 LRRM 2172 (1952)
- The Prize Cases
  67 U.S. 635, 2 Black 635, 17 L. Ed. 459 (1863)
- Mora v. McNamara
  389 U.S. 934, 88 S. Ct. 282, 19 L. Ed. 2d 287 (1967)
- Clinton v. New York
  524 U.S. 417, 118 S. Ct. 2091, 141 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1998)
- Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  462 U.S. 919, 103 S. Ct. 2764, 77 L. Ed. 2d 317 (1983)
- Morrison v. Olson
  487 U.S. 654, 108 S. Ct. 2597, 101 L. Ed. 2d 569 (1988)
- United States v. Nixon
  506 U.S. 224, 113 S. Ct. 732, 122 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1993)
- Clinton v. Jones
  142 F.3d 496, 330 U.S. App. D.C. 48, 26 Med. L. Rptr. 1660 (D.C. Cir. 1998)
- Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
  103 F. Supp. 569, 30 LRRM 2001 (D.D.C. 1952)
- Dames & Moore v. Regan
  544 F. Supp. 94 (C.D. Cal. 1982)
- INS v. Chadha
  462 U.S. 919, 103 S. Ct. 2764, 77 L. Ed. 2d 317 (1983)
- Clinton v. City of New York
  524 U.S. 417, 118 S. Ct. 2091, 141 L. Ed. 2d 393 (1998)
- Bowsher v. Synar
  478 U.S. 714, 106 S. Ct. 3181, 92 L. Ed. 2d 583 (1986)
- Morrison v. Olson
  487 U.S. 654, 108 S. Ct. 2597, 101 L. Ed. 2d 569 (1988)
The Bill Of Rights, The Civil War Amendments, And Their Inter-Relationship
- Barron v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
  32 U.S. 243, 7 Pet. 243, 8 L. Ed. 672 (1833)
- Slaughter-House Cases
  83 U.S. 36, 16 Wall. 36, 21 L. Ed. 394 (1873)
- Palko v. Connecticut
  302 U.S. 319, 58 S. Ct. 149, 82 L. Ed. 288 (1937)
- Duncan v. Louisiana
  536 U.S. 907, 122 S. Ct. 2362, 153 L. Ed. 2d 183 (2002)
- City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.
  535 U.S.425 (2002)
The Due Process, Contract, And Just Compensation Clauses And The Review Of The Reasonableness Of Legislation
- Lochner v. New York
  198 U.S. 45, 25 S. Ct. 539, 49 L. Ed. 937 (1905)
- Nebbia v. New York
  291 U.S. 502, 54 S. Ct. 505, 78 L. Ed. 940 (1934)
- United States v. Carolene Products Co
  304 U.S. 144, 58 S. Ct. 778, 82 L. Ed. 1234 (1938)
- Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc
  348 U.S. 483, 75 S. Ct. 461, 99 L. Ed. 563 (1955)
- Ferguson v. Skrupa
  372 U.S. 726, 83 S. Ct. 1028, 10 L. Ed. 2d 93 (1963)
- United States Trust Co of New York v. New Jersey
  431 U.S. 1, 97 S. Ct. 1505, 52 L. Ed. 2d 92 (1977)
- Allied Structural Steel Co v. Spannaus
  438 U.S. 234, 98 S. Ct. 2716, 57 L. Ed. 2d 727, 1 EBC 1477 (1978)
- Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
  505 U.S. 1003, 112 S. Ct. 2886, 120 L. Ed. 2d 798, 34 ERC 1897 (1992)
- Dolan v. City of Tigard
  512 U.S. 374, 114 S. Ct. 2309, 129 L. Ed. 2d 304, 38 ERC 1769 (1994)
- Griswold v. Connecticut
  381 U.S. 479, 85 S. Ct. 1678, 14 L. Ed. 2d 510 (1965)
- Moore v. City of East Cleveland, Ohio
  431 U.S. 494, 97 S. Ct. 1932, 52 L. Ed. 2d 531 (1977)
- Zablocki v. Redhail
  434 U.S. 374, 98 S. Ct. 673, 54 L. Ed. 2d 618 (1978)
- Michael H. v. Gerald D
  504 U.S. 905, 112 S. Ct. 1931, 118 L. Ed. 2d 538 (1992)
- Roe v. Wade
  410 U.S. 959, 93 S. Ct. 1409, 35 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1973)
- Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
  510 U.S. 1309, 114 S. Ct. 909, 127 L. Ed. 2d 352 (1994)
- Bowers v. Hardwick
  478 U.S. 186, 106 S. Ct. 2841, 92 L. Ed. 2d 140 (1986)
- Washington v. Glucksberg
  521 U.S. 702, 117 S. Ct. 2302, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 138 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1997)
The Equal Protection Clause And The Review Of The Reasonableness Of Legislation
- Railway Express Agency v. New York
  336 U.S. 106, 69 S. Ct. 463, 93 L. Ed. 533 (1949)
- Federal Communications Commission v. Beach Communications, Inc
  508 U.S. 307, 113 S. Ct. 2096, 124 L. Ed. 2d 211, 21 Med. L. Rptr. 1466 (1993)
- Loving v. Virginia
  388 U.S. 1, 87 S. Ct. 1817, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1010 (1967)
- Palmore v. Sidoti
  466 U.S. 429, 104 S. Ct. 1879, 80 L. Ed. 2d 421 (1984)
- Plessy v. Ferguson
  163 U.S. 537, 16 S. Ct. 1138, 41 L. Ed. 256 (1896)
- Bolling v. Sharpe
  347 U.S. 497, 74 S. Ct. 693, 98 L. Ed. 884 (1954)
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
  349 U.S. 294, 75 S. Ct. 753, 99 L. Ed. 1083 (1955)
- Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
  402 U.S. 1, 91 S. Ct. 1267, 28 L. Ed. 2d 554 (1971)
- Reed v. Reed
  404 U.S. 71, 92 S. Ct. 251, 30 L. Ed. 2d 225 (1971)
- Frontiero v. Richardson
  411 U.S. 677, 93 S. Ct. 1764, 36 L. Ed. 2d 583, 9 FEP Cases 1253 (1973)
- Craig v. Boren
  429 U.S. 1124, 97 S. Ct. 1161, 51 L. Ed. 2d 574 (1977)
- Michael M. v. Superior Court
  450 U.S. 464, 101 S. Ct. 1200, 67 L. Ed. 2d 437 (1981)
- United States v. Virginia
  972 F. Supp. 1008 (E.D. Va. 1997)
- Washington v. Davis
  01-1863, 2001 BL 1782, 13 AD Cases 1043 (E.D. La. Oct. 23, 2001)
- Rogers v. Lodge
  459 U.S. 899, 103 S. Ct. 198, 74 L. Ed. 2d 160 (1982)
- Khan v. Shevin
  416 U.S. 351, 94 S. Ct. 1734, 40 L. Ed. 2d 189 (1974)
- Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
  458 U.S. 718, 102 S. Ct. 3331, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1090 (1982)
- Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
  438 U.S. 912, 98 S. Ct. 3140, 57 L. Ed. 2d 1158 (1978)
- City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
  779 F.2d 181 (4th Cir. 1985)
- Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena
  515 U.S. 200, 115 S. Ct. 2097, 132 L. Ed. 2d 158, 67 FEP Cases 1828 (1995)
- Graham v. Richardson
  403 U.S. 365, 91 S. Ct. 1848, 29 L. Ed. 2d 534 (1971)
- Bernal v. Fainter
  467 U.S. 216, 104 S. Ct. 2312, 81 L. Ed. 2d 175 (1984)
- Mathews v. Diaz
  426 U.S. 67, 96 S. Ct. 1883, 48 L. Ed. 2d 478 (1976)
- Lalli v. Lalli
  439 U.S. 259, 99 S. Ct. 518, 58 L. Ed. 2d 503 (1978)
- City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center
  473 U.S. 432, 105 S. Ct. 3249, 87 L. Ed. 2d 313 (1985)
Defining The Scope Of "Liberty" And "Property" Protected By The Due Process Clause-The Procedural Due Process Cases
- Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
  408 U.S. 564, 92 S. Ct. 2701, 33 L. Ed. 2d 548, 1 IER Cases 23 (1972)
- Sandin v. Conner
  515 U.S. 472, 115 S. Ct. 2293, 132 L. Ed. 2d 418 (1995)
- Daniels v. Williams
  474 U.S. 327, 106 S. Ct. 677, 106 S. Ct. 662, 88 L. Ed. 2d 662 (1986)
- Vlandis v. Kline
  412 U.S. 441, 93 S. Ct. 2230, 37 L. Ed. 2d 63 (1973)
- Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
  414 U.S. 632, 94 S. Ct. 791, 39 L. Ed. 2d 52, 6 FEP Cases 1253 (1974)
- Weinberger v. Salfi
  422 U.S. 749, 95 S. Ct. 2457, 45 L. Ed. 2d 522 (1975)
- Kahn v. Shevin
  416 U.S.351 (1974)
- Plessy v. Ferguson
  163 U.S. 537 (1896)
- Vieth v. Jubelirer
  541 U.S. 267 (2004)
Application Of The Post Civil War Amendments To Private Conduct: Congressional Power To Enforce The Amendments
- Civil Rights Cases
  109 U.S. 3, 3 S. Ct. 18, 27 L. Ed. 835 (1883)
- Flagg Brothers, Inc. v. Brooks
  436 U.S. 149, 98 S. Ct. 1729, 56 L. Ed. 2d 185 (1978)
- Shelley v. Kraemer
  334 U.S. 1, 68 S. Ct. 836, 92 L. Ed. 1161 (1948)
- Pennsylvania v. Board of City Trusts
  353 U.S. 230, 77 S. Ct. 806, 1 L. Ed. 2d 792 (1957)
- Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority
  365 U.S. 715, 81 S. Ct. 856, 6 L. Ed. 2d 45 (1961)
- Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis
  107 v. Irvis, 407 U.S. 163, 92 S. Ct. 1965, 32 L. Ed. 2d 627 (1972)
- Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co
  419 U.S. 345, 95 S. Ct. 449, 42 L. Ed. 2d 477 (1974)
- Reitman v. Mulkey
  387 U.S. 369, 87 S. Ct. 1627, 18 L. Ed. 2d 830 (1967)
- Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co
  392 U.S. 409, 88 S. Ct. 2186, 20 L. Ed. 2d 1189 (1968)
- City of Rome v. United States
  447 U.S. 916, 100 S. Ct. 3003, 64 L. Ed. 2d 865 (1980)
- City of Boerne v. Flores
  521 U.S. 507, 117 S. Ct. 2157, 138 L. Ed. 2d 624, 74 FEP Cases 62 (1997)
- Dickerson v. United States
  556 U.S. 1288, 129 S. Ct. 2782, 174 L. Ed. 2d 282 (2009) [2009 BL 122541]
Governmental Control Of The Content Of Expression
- Gitlow v. New York
  268 U.S. 652, 45 S. Ct. 625, 69 L. Ed. 1138 (1925)
- Yates v. United States
  130 S. Ct. 518, 175 L. Ed. 2d 366 (2009) [2009 BL 237347]
- Scales v. United States
  130 S. Ct. 423, 175 L. Ed. 2d 290 (2009) [2009 BL 220298]
- Brandenbeurg v. Ohio
  395 U.S. 444, 89 S. Ct. 1827, 23 L. Ed. 2d 430 (1969)
- Coates v. Cincinnati
  402 U.S. 611, 91 S. Ct. 1686, 29 L. Ed. 2d 214 (1971)
- Near v. Minnesota
  283 U.S. 697, 51 S. Ct. 625, 75 L. Ed. 1357, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1001 (1931)
- New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
  376 U.S. 967, 84 S. Ct. 1130, 12 L. Ed. 2d 83 (1964)
- Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc
  459 U.S. 1226, 103 S. Ct. 1233, 75 L. Ed. 2d 467 (1983)
- Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc
  538 U.S. 1032, 155 L. Ed. 2d 1061 (2003)
- The Florida Star v. B.J.F
  488 U.S. 887, 109 S. Ct. 216, 102 L. Ed. 2d 208 (1988)
- Paris Adult Theater I v. Slaton
  419 U.S. 887, 95 S. Ct. 163, 42 L. Ed. 2d 133 (1974)
- Miller v. California
  2:10-cv-02850-GEB-DAD., 2011 BL 247729 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2011)
- Jenkins v. Georgia
  546 U.S. 1214, 126 S. Ct. 1457, 164 L. Ed. 2d 132 (2006)
- American Booksellers Association, Inc. v. Hudnut
  475 U.S. 1132, 106 S. Ct. 1664, 90 L. Ed. 2d 206 (1986)
- United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc
  529 U.S. 803, 120 S. Ct. 1878, 146 L. Ed. 2d 865, 20 CR 551, 28 Med. L. Rptr. 1801, 5 ILRD 260 (2000)
- Cohen v. California
  469 U.S. 879, 105 S. Ct. 243, 83 L. Ed. 2d 182 (1984)
- City of Houston, Texas v. Hill
  483 U.S. 1001, 107 S. Ct. 3222, 97 L. Ed. 2d 729 (1987)
- R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, Minnesota
  505 U.S. 377, 112 S. Ct. 2538, 120 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1992)
- Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc
  425 U.S. 748, 96 S. Ct. 1817, 48 L. Ed. 2d 346, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1930 (1976)
- Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
  447 U.S. 557, 100 S. Ct. 2343, 65 L. Ed. 2d 341, 6 Med. L. Rptr. 1497 (1980)
- 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
  517 U.S. 484, 116 S. Ct. 1495, 134 L. Ed. 2d 711, 24 Med. L. Rptr. 1673 (1996)
- Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association, Inc. v. United States
  527 U.S. 173, 119 S. Ct. 1923, 144 L. Ed. 2d 161, 16 CR 162, 27 Med. L. Rptr. 1769 (1999)
- Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
  531 U.S. 356 (2001)
- Nevada Departmetn of Human Resources v. Hibbs
  538 U.S. 721 (2003)
- Tennessee v. Lane
  541 U.S. 509 (2004)
Restrictions On Time, Place, Or Matter Of Expression
- Frisby v. Schultz
  487 U.S. 474, 108 S. Ct. 2495, 101 L. Ed. 2d 420 (1988)
- Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc
  512 U.S. 753, 114 S. Ct. 2516, 129 L. Ed. 2d 593 (1994)
- Hill v. Colorado
  530 U.S. 703, 120 S. Ct. 2480, 147 L. Ed. 2d 597 (2000)
- Adderley v. Florida
- International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
  505 U.S. 672, 112 S. Ct. 2711, 112 S. Ct. 2701, 120 L. Ed. 2d 541, 20 Med. L. Rptr. 1297 (1992)
- Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes
  523 U.S. 666, 118 S. Ct. 1633, 140 L. Ed. 2d 875, 11 CR 1421, 26 Med. L. Rptr. 1673 (1998)
- City of Ladue v. Gilleo
  512 U.S. 43, 114 S. Ct. 2038, 129 L. Ed. 2d 36 (1994)
- City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc
  475 U.S. 41, 106 S. Ct. 925, 89 L. Ed. 2d 29, 12 Med. L. Rptr. 1721 (1986)
- Consolidated Edison Co. of New York v. Public Service Commission
  447 U.S. 530, 100 S. Ct. 2326, 65 L. Ed. 2d 319, 6 Med. L. Rptr. 1518 (1980)
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
  393 U.S. 503, 89 S. Ct. 733, 21 L. Ed. 2d 731 (1969)
- Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser
  478 U.S. 675, 106 S. Ct. 3159, 92 L. Ed. 2d 549 (1986)
- Board of Education v. Pico
  457 U.S. 853, 102 S. Ct. 2799, 73 L. Ed. 2d 435, 8 Med. L. Rptr. 1721 (1982)
- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
  484 U.S. 260, 108 S. Ct. 562, 98 L. Ed. 2d 592, 14 Med. L. Rptr. 2081 (1988)
- Rust v. Sullivan
  500 U.S. 173, 111 S. Ct. 1759, 114 L. Ed. 2d 233 (1991)
- National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley
  524 U.S. 569, 118 S. Ct. 2168, 141 L. Ed. 2d 500 (1998)
- Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition
  535 U.S. 234 (2002)
- Lorillard Tobacco Co.v. Reilly
  533 U.S.525 (2001)
- Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
  535 U.S. 357 (2002)
- Virginia v. Black
  538 U.S. 343 (2003)
- Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York v. Village of Stratton
  536 U.S. 150 (2002)
- Bartnicki v. Vopper
  532 U.S. 514 (2001)
Protection Of Penumbral First Amendment Rights
- United States v. O'Brien
  391 U.S. 367, 88 S. Ct. 1673, 20 L. Ed. 2d 672 (1968)
- Texas v. Johnson
  491 U.S. 397, 109 S. Ct. 2533, 105 L. Ed. 2d 342 (1989)
- City of Erie v. Pap's A.M
  529 U.S. 277, 120 S. Ct. 1382, 146 L. Ed. 2d 265, 28 Med. L. Rptr. 1545 (2000)
- NAACP v. Alabama
  357 U.S. 449, 78 S. Ct. 1163, 2 L. Ed. 2d 1488 (1958)
- NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co
  458 U.S. 886, 102 S. Ct. 3409, 73 L. Ed. 2d 1215 (1982)
- Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
  530 U.S. 640, 120 S. Ct. 2446, 147 L. Ed. 2d 554 (2000)
- Keller v. State Bar of California
  496 U.S. 1, 110 S. Ct. 2228, 110 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1990)
- Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc
  521 U.S. 457, 117 S. Ct. 2130, 138 L. Ed. 2d 585, 25 Med. L. Rptr. 1801 (1997)
- Pacific Gas and Electric Company v. Public Utilities Commission of California
  475 U.S. 1, 106 S. Ct. 903, 89 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1986)
- Tasjian v. Republican Party of Connecticut
  479 U.S. 208, 107 S. Ct. 544, 93 L. Ed. 2d 514 (1986)
- California Democratic Party v. Jones
  530 U.S. 567, 120 S. Ct. 2402, 147 L. Ed. 2d 502 (2000)
- Buckley v. Valeo
  424 U.S. 1, 96 S. Ct. 612, 46 L. Ed. 2d 659 (1976)
- First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
  435 U.S. 765, 98 S. Ct. 1407, 55 L. Ed. 2d 707, 3 Med. L. Rptr. 2105 (1978)
- Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
  494 U.S. 652, 110 S. Ct. 1391, 108 L. Ed. 2d 652 (1990)
- Buckley v. Valeo
  424 U.S. 1, 96 S. Ct. 612, 46 L. Ed. 2d 659 (1976)
- McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission
  514 U.S. 334, 115 S. Ct. 1511, 131 L. Ed. 2d 426, 23 Med. L. Rptr. 1577 (1995)
- Connick v. Myers
  461 U.S. 138, 103 S. Ct. 1684, 75 L. Ed. 2d 708, 1 IER Cases 178 (1983)
- United States Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers ALF-CIO
  413 U.S. 548, 93 S. Ct. 2880, 37 L. Ed. 2d 796 (1973)
- United States v. National Treasury Employees Union
  513 U.S. 454, 115 S. Ct. 1003, 130 L. Ed. 2d 964, 10 IER Cases 452 (1995)
- Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
  497 U.S. 62, 110 S. Ct. 2729, 111 L. Ed. 2d 52, 5 IER Cases 673 (1990)
- Consolidated Edison Co. of New York v. Public Service Commission
  447 U.S.530 (1980)
- Cutter v. Wilkinson
  544 U.S. 709 (2005)
- Legal Services Corporation v. Velazquez
  531 U.S. 533 (2001)
- Morse v. Frederick
  551 U.S. 393 (2007)
- United States v. American Library Association, Inc.
  533 U.S. 405 (2001)
Freedom Of The Press
- Minneapolis Star and Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue
  460 U.S. 575, 103 S. Ct. 1365, 75 L. Ed. 2d 295, 9 Med. L. Rptr. 1369 (1983)
- Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations
  413 U.S. 376, 93 S. Ct. 2553, 37 L. Ed. 2d 669, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1908, 5 FEP Cases 1141 (1973)
- Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
  418 U.S. 241, 94 S. Ct. 2831, 41 L. Ed. 2d 730, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1898 (1974)
- New York Times Co. v. United States [the Cases of the Pentagon Papers.]
  403 U.S. 713, 91 S. Ct. 2140, 29 L. Ed. 2d 822, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1031 (1971)
- Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart
  427 U.S. 539, 96 S. Ct. 2791, 49 L. Ed. 2d 683, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1064 (1976)
- Branzburg v. Hayes
  408 U.S. 665, 92 S. Ct. 2686, 92 S. Ct. 2646, 33 L. Ed. 2d 626, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 2617 (1972)
- Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia
  448 U.S. 555, 100 S. Ct. 2814, 65 L. Ed. 2d 973, 6 Med. L. Rptr. 1833 (1980)
- Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Democratic National Committee
  412 U.S. 94, 93 S. Ct. 2080, 36 L. Ed. 2d 772, 1 Med. L. Rptr. 1855 (1973)
- Turner Broadcasting System v. Federal Communications Commission
  520 U.S. 180, 117 S. Ct. 1174, 137 L. Ed. 2d 369, 25 Med. L. Rptr. 1449, 6 CR 829 (1997)
- Clingman v. Beaver
  544 U.S. 581 (2005)
- Garcetti v. Ceballos
  547 U.S. 410 (2006)
- Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association
  544 U.S. 550 (2005)
- Randall v. Sorrell
  548 U.S. 230 (2006)
- Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc.
  547 U.S. 47 (2006)
- Davis v. Federal Election Commission
  128S.Ct. 2759 (2008)
Religion And The Constitution
- Everson v. Board of Education
  330 U.S. 1, 67 S. Ct. 504, 91 L. Ed. 711 (1947)
- Zorach v. Clauson
  343 U.S. 306, 72 S. Ct. 679, 96 L. Ed. 954 (1952)
- Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
  530 U.S. 290, 120 S. Ct. 2266, 147 L. Ed. 2d 295 (2000)
- Edwards v. Aguillard
  482 U.S. 578, 107 S. Ct. 2573, 96 L. Ed. 2d 510 (1987)
- County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union
  492 U.S. 573, 109 S. Ct. 3086, 106 L. Ed. 2d 472 (1989)
- Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette
  515 U.S. 753, 115 S. Ct. 2440, 132 L. Ed. 2d 650 (1995)
- Agostini v. Felton
  521 U.S. 203, 117 S. Ct. 1997, 138 L. Ed. 2d 391 (1997)
- Mitchell v. Helms
  530 U.S. 793, 120 S. Ct. 2530, 147 L. Ed. 2d 660 (2000)
- Roemer v. Board of Public Works
  426 U.S. 736, 96 S. Ct. 2337, 49 L. Ed. 2d 179 (1976)
- Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia
  515 U.S. 819, 115 S. Ct. 2510, 132 L. Ed. 2d 700 (1995)
- Sherbert v. Verner
  374 U.S. 398, 83 S. Ct. 1790, 10 L. Ed. 2d 965, 9 FEP Cases 1152 (1963)
- Wisconsin v. Yoder
  406 U.S. 205, 92 S. Ct. 1526, 32 L. Ed. 2d 15 (1972)
- Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith
  494 U.S. 872, 110 S. Ct. 1595, 108 L. Ed. 2d 876, 52 FEP Cases 855 (1990)

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Citation. 22 Ill.426 U.S. 529, 96 S. Ct. 2285, 49 L. Ed. 2d 34 (1976)

Brief Fact Summary. Congress passed a law protecting wild horses and burros (small donkeys) on federal lands. The New Mexico Livestock Board removed some burros that were interfering with a rancher’s livestock operation. The government sued to recover the animals and return them to the wild.

Synopsis of Rule of Law. Article IV, Section: 3 of the United States Constitution provides that “the Congress shall have the power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States” The Complete power that Congress has over public lands necessarily includes the power to regulate and protect the wildlife living there.

Facts. In 1971 Congress passed the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act to protect all unbranded and unclaimed horses and burros on federal public lands. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) managed the property and the goal was to achieve and maintain a thriving natural ecological balance.
A New Mexico rancher, Stephenson, had access to federal land, Taylor Well and some 8,000 surrounding acres, through a grazing permit. He was informed that several unbranded burros were seen near Taylor Well where he watered his cattle. Stephenson complained to BLM that the burros were interfering with his livestock operation by molesting his cattle and eating their feed. BLM refused to remove them so Stephenson complained to the New Mexico Livestock Board.
The Board removed and then sold 19 unbranded and unclaimed burros pursuant to the NM Estray Law. BLM then asserted jurisdiction and demanded that the Board recover the animals and return them to the public lands.

Issue. Was Congress acting within its Article IV property power when trying to protect animals on public lands?

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