Citation558 U.S. 310 (2010) Brief Fact Summary. Citizens United argued that the federal law prohibiting corporations and unions from using their general treasury funds to make independent expenditures for speech defined as “electioneering communication” or speech expressly advocating the election or defeat of a candidate is unconstitutional. Synopsis of Rule of Law. The First Amendment protection extends to corporations by explicit holdings to the context of political speech. ...
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Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Citation130 S. Ct. 876. Brief Fact Summary. Citizens United created a documentary aimed at Senator Clinton during the 2008 race, and ran ads to urge others to order it on-demand to watch. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Congress may not ban political speech based on a speaker’s corporate identity. ...
Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission
Citation558 U.S. 310 (2010) Brief Fact Summary. A corporation engaged in electioneering communication in violation of a federal law. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Corporate electioneering communication is speech that is protected by the First Amendment, and the First Amendment prohibits speech restrictions based on the speaker’s identity as a corporation. ...
Rogers v. Lodge
Citation22 Ill.459 U.S. 899, 103 S. Ct. 198, 74 L. Ed. 2d 160 (1982) Brief Fact Summary. The Appellants, Rogers and seven other black citizens from Burke County, Georgia (Appellants) challenged the constitutionality of an at-large voting scheme that violated the United States Constitution (Constitution) despite the scheme’s racial neutrality. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Racially-neutral voting schemes do not necessary pass constitutional muster when there is a showing that the scheme actual perpetuates racial discrimination. ...
In re Sealed Case
Citation838 F.2d 476, rev’d sub nom. Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654 (1988) Brief Fact Summary. Government officials being investigated by an independent counsel under the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 challenged the Act as unconstitutional. Synopsis of Rule of Law. The Ethics in Government Act violates the Appointments Clause, rendering it unconstitutional. ...