Citation539 U.S. 306 (2003) Brief Fact Summary. The petitioner challenged the University of Michigan Law School’s long-standing practice of considering soft factors in admitting students and its commitment to promote racial and ethnic diversity with special reference to the inclusion of minority students from historically discriminated groups. The petitioner, sued alleging discrimination against her on the basis of race in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Synopsis of Rule of Law. All racial classifications imposed by government “must be analyz ...
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Grutter v. Bollinger
Citation539 U.S. 306 (2003) Brief Fact Summary. The University of Michigan Law School has had a long-standing commitment to promote racial and ethnic diversity with special reference to the inclusion of minority students from historically discriminated groups. The petitioner, a white Michigan resident with decent test scores, applied to the law school but her application was rejected. She sued alleging discrimination against her on the basis of race in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Synopsis of Rule of Law. All racial classifications imp ...
Grutter v. Bollinger
Citation. 539 U.S. 306, 123 S.Ct. 2325, 156 L.Ed.2d 304 (2003). Brief Fact Summary. Plaintiff was denied admissions to law school and sued, arguing the law school’s use of race in determining admittances was unconstitutional. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Student body diversity is a compelling state interest that can justify the use of race in university admissions. ...
Grutter v. Bollinger
Citation539 U.S. 306 (2003) Brief Fact Summary. A white applicant to the University of Michigan Law School was rejected and subsequently sued the school, arguing that its race-conscious admissions program violated the Constitution. Synopsis of Rule of Law. The University of Michigan Law School’s race-conscious admissions policy did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because it served the compelling government interest in achieving a diverse student body, and was narrowly tailored to that interest. ...
Grutter v. Bollinger
Citation539 U.S. 306, 123 S.Ct. 2325, 156 L.Ed.2d 304 (2003). Brief Fact Summary. The University of Michigan law school’s admission policy aspires to achieve diversity by enrolling a “critical mass” of underrepresented minority students. Grutter, a white resident of Michigan, applied for admission to the University of Michigan Law School. Grutter applied with a 3.8 undergraduate GPA and an LSAT score of 161. She was denied admission. Grutter subsequently filed suit, alleging that the law school’s officials unconstitutionally discriminated against her on the basis o ...
Grutter v. Bollinger
Citation539 U.S. 306 (2003) Brief Fact Summary. Grutter applied to UMLS and was rejected. She objected to UMLS’s admissions policy, which included race as a factor. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Race is an acceptable consideration in admissions when the admissions policy is narrowly tailored and a means to achieve diversity. ...
Grutter v. Bollinger
Citation188 F.3d 394 (6th Cir. 1999) Brief Fact Summary. Two district courts denied proposed intervenors’ motions to intervene in two lawsuits brought by Plaintiffs, who had been denied admissions to the defendant University’s undergraduate programs and its law school. The proposed intervenors were students of various races at various stages of education and pro-affirmative action organizations. The Plaintiffs’ action challenged the University’s race conscious admissions policy. The proposed intervenors appealed from the orders denying their motions for intervent ...
Grutter v. Bollinger
CitationGrutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306, 123 S. Ct. 2325, 156 L. Ed. 2d 304, 2003 U.S. LEXIS 4800, 71 U.S.L.W. 4498, 91 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1761, 84 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P41,415, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Service 5378, 16 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 367 (U.S. June 23, 2003) Brief Fact Summary. When Barbara Grutter (Plaintiff), a white Michigan resident with a 3.8 grade average and 161 LSAT score, was denied admission to the University of Michigan Law School (Defendant), she sued the latter in federal district court, alleging racial discrimination against her in violati ...
Gratz v. Bollinger
Citation539 U.S. 244 (2003) Brief Fact Summary. The petitioners challenged the admissions program of the University of Michigan alleging that it treated them less favorably on the basis of race in considering their application for admission. Synopsis of Rule of Law. All racial classifications reviewable under the Equal Protection Clause must be strictly scrutinized and respondents must demonstrate that the University’s use of race in its admission program employs narrowly tailored measures that further compelling governmental interests. ...
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Citation. 551 U.S. 701, 127 S.Ct. 2738, 168 L.Ed.2d 508 (2007). Brief Fact Summary. Plaintiffs challenged student assignment plans based on race on Equal Protection grounds. Synopsis of Rule of Law. The government must demonstrate that the use of individual racial classifications is narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling government interest. ...
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Citation. 551 U.S. 701 (2007) Brief Fact Summary. Seattle and Jefferson County adopted student assignment plans that relied on students’ race to varying degrees. Plaintiffs’ children were denied assignment to particular schools under these plans. Synopsis of Rule of Law. A student assignment plan based in part on race does not pass strict scrutiny where the plan only has a minimal effect on the asserted interest in diversity, and where other policy options are available. ...
Fisher v. University of Texas
Citation133 S.Ct. 2411 (2013). Brief Fact Summary. Fisher (Plaintiff) was a white applicant to the University of Texas (Defendant). When he was denied admission he sued, claiming that admission policies that used race as a factor violated the Equal Protection Clause. Synopsis of Rule of Law. Courts should review state university admissions policies that use race as a factor under the strict scrutiny standard. ...
In re Hale
View this case and other resources at: Brief Fact Summary. When Barbara Grutter (Plaintiff), a white Michigan resident with a 3.8 grade average and 161 LSAT score, was denied admission to the University of Michigan Law School (Defendant), she sued the latter in federal district court, alleging racial discrimination against her in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment on the basis of the law school’s (Defendant) direct consideration of race as a factor in the admissions process Synopsis of Rule of Law. Diversity is a compelling interest that can justify the narrowly tailored use of ...
Parents involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District Parents of unadmitted students (P) v. Public School district (D)
Citation551 U.S. 701 (2007) Synopsis of Rule of Law. Balancing racial composition between local high-school districts is not a strong government interest under the Equal Protection Clause. ...