Introductory note: This chapter examines two ways in which one person can become criminally liable for exhorting another to commit a criminal act. If one encourages or aids another to perform a criminal act, and the latter does so, the former will be liable for the latter's substantive crime; he is said to be, in modern terms, an “accomplice.” If, on the other hand, one encourages another to do a criminal act, and the latter declines, the former is guilty of the crime of “solicitation.” We also consider the circumstances under which a corporation may be convicted of a crime based on acts by the corporation's employees.