Abstention doctrines
Pullman doctrine
Younger doctrine
Adams, John
Adequate and independent state grounds
Administrative state
Advisory opinions
Appellate jurisdiction
Appointments Clause
See also Removal of federal officers
Article I courts
See Non-Article III courts
Articles of Confederation
Bivens cause of action
Case or controversy
See also Justiciability
Civil Rights
Commerce power
See also Dormant Commerce Clause
Common law immunity
See also Executive immunity from suit, §7.8.1
Concurrent resolution
Congressional power
See Enumerated powers
Constitutional Convention
Constitutional interpretation
Authoritativeness
Fairness and justice
Foreign and international law
History and tradition
Interpretivism
Noninterpretivism
Nonoriginalism
Originalism
Political theory
Precedent
Social policy
Stare decisis
State law
Structure
Textualism
Council of Revision
Discrimination against interstate commerce
See also Dormant Commerce Clause
Dormant Commerce Clause
Alcohol regulation
Burdens and benefits
Congressional consent
Cooley doctrine
Discrimination against interstate commerce
Economic protectionism
Effect on foreign commerce
Extrater ritorial regulatory effects
Less burdensome alternatives
Less discriminatory alternatives
Market participant doctrine
Rational relationship test
State taxes
Complete Auto Transit test
Discrimination against interstate commerce
Fairly apportioned
Fairly related
State taxation of foreign commerce
Substantial nexus test
Eleventh Amendment
Bankruptcy
Congressional abrogation
Consent
Political subdivisions
Stripping doctrine
Congressional restriction
Prospective relief
Retroactive relief
State law
Suits by another state
Suits by United States
Supreme Court review
Enumerated powers
See also specific powers (e.g., Commerce power; Foreign affairs powers, etc.)
Exceptions Clause
Executive agreements
Executive immunity from suit
Executive privilege
Federal convention
See Constitutional Convention
Federal immunity
See Supremacy Clause
Federalism
Federalist Papers
Federalists
Foreign affairs powers
Executive agreements
Foreign commerce power
Treaty power
War powers
Framers’ intent
See Constitutional interpretation
Gerry, Elbridge
Hamilton, Alexander
Immunity from civil liability
Federal Executive
Members of Congress
State and local officials
Impeachment
Inferior tribunals, power to create
Interstate commerce
See Commerce power
Item veto
Jefferson, Thomas
Judicial review
Authoritativeness
Binding effect
Democracy
Legitimacy
Marbury v. Madison
State court decisions
Adequate and independent state grounds
Techniques of interpretation
Judiciary Act of 1789
Jurisdiction stripping
Justiciability
Advisory opinions
Case or controversy
Collusive suits
Declaratory relief
Mootness
Capable of repetition yet evading review
Class actions
Collateral consequences
Voluntary cessation
Political questions
Prudential considerations
Ripeness
Standing
Causation
Facial challenges
Generalized grievances
Injury-in-fact
Legislative standing
Organizational standing
Overbreadth doctrine
Redressability
Taxpayer standing
Third-party standing
Zone of interests test
Legislative courts
See Non-Article III courts
Legislative veto
Line item veto
Lower federal courts
See Inferior tribunals
Madison, James
Marbury v. Madison
Market participant doctrine
See also Dormant Commerce Clause; Privileges and Immunities Clause
Marshall, John
Mootness
Necessary and Proper Clause
Non-Article III courts
Adjunct courts
Administrative law courts
See Non-Article III courts, Public rights
Military courts
Public rights
Territorial courts
Nonconstitutional courts
See Non-Article III courts
Nondelegation doctrine
Oath Clause
Original jurisdiction
Overbreadth doctrine
Political question doctrine
Preemption doctrine
Conflict
Express
Field
Privileges and Immunities Clause (Article IV)
Citizenship
Corporations
Discrimination
Fundamental rights
Market participant doctrine inapplicable
Municipal residence
Newly arrived residents
Privileges or Immunities Clause (Fourteenth Amendment) compared
State-owned goods and resources
Substantial reason test
Pullman doctrine
Qualifications Clauses
Rational basis test
Removal of federal officers
See also Appointments Clause
Republicans (Jeffersonians)
Ripeness
Section 1983 (Civil Rights Act)
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
Congressional interference
Domestic
Executive immunity from suit
Executive privilege
Foreign affairs
Executive agreements
Treaties
War
Impeachment
Item veto
Judiciary
Legislative veto
Nondelegation doctrine
Structural arguments
Textual arguments
Siler doctrine
Sovereign immunity
See Eleventh Amendment
Speech or Debate Clause
Spending power
Standing
State taxes and the dormant Commerce Clause
See also Dormant Commerce Clause
Story, Joseph
Strict construction
See Constitutional interpretation
Supremacy Clause
Immunity from state regulation
Immunity from state taxation
Preemption doctrine
Conflict
Express
Field
State-imposed limits on federal elections
Taxing power
Limitations
Taxpayer standing
Tenth Amendment
Term limits
Treaty power
Unconstitutional conditions doctrine
Veto power
See also Legislative veto, Line item veto
War powers
Washington, George
Younger doctrine