Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB

Table of Contents

Administrative Law Keyed to Strauss

Agencies and the Structural Constitution
- Whitman v. American Trucking Associations Inc
  531 U.S. 457, 121 S. Ct. 903,149 L. Ed. 2d 1, 2001 U.S.
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor
  478 U.S. 833, 106 S. Ct. 3245,92 L. Ed. 2d 675,1986 U.S.
- Myers v. United States
  272 U.S. 52, 47 S. Ct. 21,71 L. Ed. 160, 1926 U.S.
- Bowsher v. Synar
  478 U.S. 714, 106 S. Ct. 3181, 92 L. Ed. 2d 583, 1986 U.S.
- Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  462 U.S. 919, 103 S. Ct. 2764, 77 L. Ed. 2d 317, 1983 U.S.
- Clinton v. City of New York
  524 U.S. 417, 118 S. Ct. 2091,141 L. Ed. 2d 393, 1998 U.S.
Procedural Frameworks for Administrative Action
- Londoner v. Denver
  210 U.S. 373, 28 S. Ct. 708,52 L. Ed. 1103; 1908 U.S.
- Bi-Metallic Co. v. Colorado
  239 U.S. 441, 36 S. Ct. 141,60 L. Ed. 372, 1915 U.S.
- Wong Yang Sung v. McGrath
  339 U.S. 33, 70 S. Ct. 445,94 L. Ed. 616,1950 U.S.
- Dickinson v. Zurko
  527 U.S. 150, 119 S. Ct. 1816,144 L. Ed. 2d 143,1999 U.S.
The Procedural Categories in Action: Adjudication
- Envirocare of Utah, Inc. v. NRC
  194 F.3d 72, 338 U.S. App. D.C. 282, 49 ERC 1513 (D.C. Cir. 1999)
- Morgan v. United States
  298 U.S. 468, 56 S. Ct. 906, 80 L. Ed. 1288 (1936)
- Withrow v. Larkin
  421 U.S. 35, 95 S. Ct. 1456, 43 L. Ed. 2d 712 (1975)
- Pension Benefit Guarantee Corp. v. LTV Corp
  496 U.S. 633, 110 S. Ct. 2668, 110 L. Ed. 2d 579, 12 EBC 1593 (1990)
Procedural Categories in Action: Rulemaking
- United States v. Nova Scotia Food Products Corp
  568 F.2d 240 (2d Cir. 1977)
- Independent United States Tanker Owners Committee v. Dole
  809 F.2d 847, 258 U.S. App. D.C. 6 (D.C. Cir. 1987)
- SEC v. Chenery Corp
  332 U.S. 194, 67 S. Ct. 1575, 91 L. Ed. 1995 (1947)
- NLRB v. Bell Aerospace Co
  416 U.S. 267, 94 S. Ct. 1757, 40 L. Ed. 2d 134, 85 LRRM 2945 (1974)
- Epilepsy Foundation of Northeast Ohio v. NLRB
  268 F.3d 1095, 348 U.S. App. D.C. 26, 168 LRRM 2673 (D.C. Cir. 2001)
- Bowen v. Michigan Academy of Family Physicians
  476 U.S. 667, 106 S. Ct. 2133, 90 L. Ed. 2d 623 (1986)
- Professional Pilots Federation v. F.A.A
  118 F.3d 758, 326 U.S. App. D.C. 157, 74 FEP Cases 345 (D.C. Cir. 1997)
Open Government and the Freedom of Information Act
- Critical Mass Energy Project v. NRC
  975 F.2d 871, 298 U.S. App. D.C. 8 (D.C. Cir. 1992)
- Chrysler Corp. v Brown
  441 U.S. 281, 99 S. Ct. 1705, 60 L. Ed. 2d 208, 19 FEP Cases 475, 4 Med. L. Rptr. 2441 (1979)
Procedural Due Process: Constitutional Constraints on Administrative Decisionmaking
- Bailey v. Richardson
  182 F.2d 46, 86 U.S. App. D.C. 248 (D.C. Cir. 1950)
- Cafeteria and Restaurant Workers Union, Local 473, AFL-CIO v. McElroy
  367 U.S. 886, 81 S. Ct. 1743, 6 L. Ed. 2d 1230 (1961)
- Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
  408 U.S. 564, 92 S. Ct. 2701, 33 L. Ed. 2d 548, 1 IER Cases 23 (1972)
- Londoner v. Denver
  210 U.S. 373, 28 S. Ct. 708, 52 L. Ed. 1103 (1908)
- Bi-Metallic Co. v. Colorado
  239 U.S. 441, 36 S. Ct. 141, 60 L. Ed. 372 (1915)
- Mathews v. Eldridge
  424 U.S. 319, 96 S. Ct. 893, 47 L. Ed. 2d 18 (1976)
- Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
  470 U.S. 532, 105 S. Ct. 1487, 84 L. Ed. 2d 494, 1 IER Cases 424, 118 LRRM 3041 (1985)
- North American Cold Storage Co. v. City of Chicago
  211 U.S. 306, 29 S. Ct. 101, 53 L. Ed. 195 (1908)
Obtaining Judicial Review: Access to Court to Challenge Agency Action or Inaction
- Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp
  397 U.S. 150, 90 S. Ct. 827, 25 L. Ed. 2d 184 (1970)
- Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
  504 U.S. 555, 112 S. Ct. 2130, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351, 34 ERC 1785 (1992)
- Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner
  387 U.S. 136, 87 S. Ct. 1507, 18 L. Ed. 2d 681 (1967)
- Block v. Community Nutrition Institute
  467 U.S. 340, 104 S. Ct. 2450, 81 L. Ed. 2d 270 (1984)
- Bowen v. Michigan Academy of Family Physicians
  476 U.S. 667, 106 S. Ct. 2133, 90 L. Ed. 2d 623 (1986)
- Webster v. Doe
  486 U.S. 592, 108 S. Ct. 2047, 100 L. Ed. 2d 632, 3 IER Cases 545, 46 FEP Cases 1671 (1988)
- North American Cold Storage Co. v. City of Chicago
  211 U.S. 306, 29 S. Ct. 101, 53 L. Ed. 195 (1908)
- Berkovitz v. United States
  486 U.S. 531, 108 S. Ct. 1954, 100 L. Ed. 2d 531 (1988)
- Owen v. City of Independence
  445 U.S. 622, 100 S. Ct. 1398, 63 L. Ed. 2d 673 (1980)
- Capron v. Van Noorden
  6 U.S. 126, 2 Cranch 126, 2 L. Ed. 229 (1804)
Scope of Review of Administrative Action
- Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB
  340 U.S. 474, 71 S. Ct. 456, 95 L. Ed. 456, 27 LRRM 2373 (1951)
- Allentown Mack Sales and Service, Inc. v. NLRB
  522 U.S. 359, 118 S. Ct. 818, 139 L. Ed. 2d 797, 157 LRRM 2257 (1998)
- Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
  745 F.2d 677, 240 U.S. App. D.C. 301 (D.C. Cir. 1984)
- NLRB v. Hearst Publications, Inc
  322 U.S. 111, 64 S. Ct. 851, 88 L. Ed. 1170, 14 LRRM 614 (1944)
- Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe
  401 U.S. 402, 91 S. Ct. 814, 28 L. Ed. 2d 136, 2 ERC 1250 (1971)
- United States v. Mead
  533 U.S. 218, 121 S. Ct. 2164, 150 L. Ed. 2d 292, 23 ITRD 1129 (2001)
- Department of Housing and Urban Development v. Rucker
  535 U.S. 125, 122 S. Ct. 1230, 152 L. Ed. 2d 258 (2002)

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Administrative Law Keyed to Strauss

Agencies and the Structural Constitution
- Whitman v. American Trucking Associations Inc
  531 U.S. 457, 121 S. Ct. 903,149 L. Ed. 2d 1, 2001 U.S.
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor
  478 U.S. 833, 106 S. Ct. 3245,92 L. Ed. 2d 675,1986 U.S.
- Myers v. United States
  272 U.S. 52, 47 S. Ct. 21,71 L. Ed. 160, 1926 U.S.
- Bowsher v. Synar
  478 U.S. 714, 106 S. Ct. 3181, 92 L. Ed. 2d 583, 1986 U.S.
- Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha
  462 U.S. 919, 103 S. Ct. 2764, 77 L. Ed. 2d 317, 1983 U.S.
- Clinton v. City of New York
  524 U.S. 417, 118 S. Ct. 2091,141 L. Ed. 2d 393, 1998 U.S.
Procedural Frameworks for Administrative Action
- Londoner v. Denver
  210 U.S. 373, 28 S. Ct. 708,52 L. Ed. 1103; 1908 U.S.
- Bi-Metallic Co. v. Colorado
  239 U.S. 441, 36 S. Ct. 141,60 L. Ed. 372, 1915 U.S.
- Wong Yang Sung v. McGrath
  339 U.S. 33, 70 S. Ct. 445,94 L. Ed. 616,1950 U.S.
- Dickinson v. Zurko
  527 U.S. 150, 119 S. Ct. 1816,144 L. Ed. 2d 143,1999 U.S.
The Procedural Categories in Action: Adjudication
- Envirocare of Utah, Inc. v. NRC
  194 F.3d 72, 338 U.S. App. D.C. 282, 49 ERC 1513 (D.C. Cir. 1999)
- Morgan v. United States
  298 U.S. 468, 56 S. Ct. 906, 80 L. Ed. 1288 (1936)
- Withrow v. Larkin
  421 U.S. 35, 95 S. Ct. 1456, 43 L. Ed. 2d 712 (1975)
- Pension Benefit Guarantee Corp. v. LTV Corp
  496 U.S. 633, 110 S. Ct. 2668, 110 L. Ed. 2d 579, 12 EBC 1593 (1990)
Procedural Categories in Action: Rulemaking
- United States v. Nova Scotia Food Products Corp
  568 F.2d 240 (2d Cir. 1977)
- Independent United States Tanker Owners Committee v. Dole
  809 F.2d 847, 258 U.S. App. D.C. 6 (D.C. Cir. 1987)
- SEC v. Chenery Corp
  332 U.S. 194, 67 S. Ct. 1575, 91 L. Ed. 1995 (1947)
- NLRB v. Bell Aerospace Co
  416 U.S. 267, 94 S. Ct. 1757, 40 L. Ed. 2d 134, 85 LRRM 2945 (1974)
- Epilepsy Foundation of Northeast Ohio v. NLRB
  268 F.3d 1095, 348 U.S. App. D.C. 26, 168 LRRM 2673 (D.C. Cir. 2001)
- Bowen v. Michigan Academy of Family Physicians
  476 U.S. 667, 106 S. Ct. 2133, 90 L. Ed. 2d 623 (1986)
- Professional Pilots Federation v. F.A.A
  118 F.3d 758, 326 U.S. App. D.C. 157, 74 FEP Cases 345 (D.C. Cir. 1997)
Open Government and the Freedom of Information Act
- Critical Mass Energy Project v. NRC
  975 F.2d 871, 298 U.S. App. D.C. 8 (D.C. Cir. 1992)
- Chrysler Corp. v Brown
  441 U.S. 281, 99 S. Ct. 1705, 60 L. Ed. 2d 208, 19 FEP Cases 475, 4 Med. L. Rptr. 2441 (1979)
Procedural Due Process: Constitutional Constraints on Administrative Decisionmaking
- Bailey v. Richardson
  182 F.2d 46, 86 U.S. App. D.C. 248 (D.C. Cir. 1950)
- Cafeteria and Restaurant Workers Union, Local 473, AFL-CIO v. McElroy
  367 U.S. 886, 81 S. Ct. 1743, 6 L. Ed. 2d 1230 (1961)
- Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
  408 U.S. 564, 92 S. Ct. 2701, 33 L. Ed. 2d 548, 1 IER Cases 23 (1972)
- Londoner v. Denver
  210 U.S. 373, 28 S. Ct. 708, 52 L. Ed. 1103 (1908)
- Bi-Metallic Co. v. Colorado
  239 U.S. 441, 36 S. Ct. 141, 60 L. Ed. 372 (1915)
- Mathews v. Eldridge
  424 U.S. 319, 96 S. Ct. 893, 47 L. Ed. 2d 18 (1976)
- Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
  470 U.S. 532, 105 S. Ct. 1487, 84 L. Ed. 2d 494, 1 IER Cases 424, 118 LRRM 3041 (1985)
- North American Cold Storage Co. v. City of Chicago
  211 U.S. 306, 29 S. Ct. 101, 53 L. Ed. 195 (1908)
Obtaining Judicial Review: Access to Court to Challenge Agency Action or Inaction
- Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp
  397 U.S. 150, 90 S. Ct. 827, 25 L. Ed. 2d 184 (1970)
- Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
  504 U.S. 555, 112 S. Ct. 2130, 119 L. Ed. 2d 351, 34 ERC 1785 (1992)
- Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner
  387 U.S. 136, 87 S. Ct. 1507, 18 L. Ed. 2d 681 (1967)
- Block v. Community Nutrition Institute
  467 U.S. 340, 104 S. Ct. 2450, 81 L. Ed. 2d 270 (1984)
- Bowen v. Michigan Academy of Family Physicians
  476 U.S. 667, 106 S. Ct. 2133, 90 L. Ed. 2d 623 (1986)
- Webster v. Doe
  486 U.S. 592, 108 S. Ct. 2047, 100 L. Ed. 2d 632, 3 IER Cases 545, 46 FEP Cases 1671 (1988)
- North American Cold Storage Co. v. City of Chicago
  211 U.S. 306, 29 S. Ct. 101, 53 L. Ed. 195 (1908)
- Berkovitz v. United States
  486 U.S. 531, 108 S. Ct. 1954, 100 L. Ed. 2d 531 (1988)
- Owen v. City of Independence
  445 U.S. 622, 100 S. Ct. 1398, 63 L. Ed. 2d 673 (1980)
- Capron v. Van Noorden
  6 U.S. 126, 2 Cranch 126, 2 L. Ed. 229 (1804)
Scope of Review of Administrative Action
- Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB
  340 U.S. 474, 71 S. Ct. 456, 95 L. Ed. 456, 27 LRRM 2373 (1951)
- Allentown Mack Sales and Service, Inc. v. NLRB
  522 U.S. 359, 118 S. Ct. 818, 139 L. Ed. 2d 797, 157 LRRM 2257 (1998)
- Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
  745 F.2d 677, 240 U.S. App. D.C. 301 (D.C. Cir. 1984)
- NLRB v. Hearst Publications, Inc
  322 U.S. 111, 64 S. Ct. 851, 88 L. Ed. 1170, 14 LRRM 614 (1944)
- Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe
  401 U.S. 402, 91 S. Ct. 814, 28 L. Ed. 2d 136, 2 ERC 1250 (1971)
- United States v. Mead
  533 U.S. 218, 121 S. Ct. 2164, 150 L. Ed. 2d 292, 23 ITRD 1129 (2001)
- Department of Housing and Urban Development v. Rucker
  535 U.S. 125, 122 S. Ct. 1230, 152 L. Ed. 2d 258 (2002)

Citation. Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474, 71 S. Ct. 456, 95 L. Ed. 456, 1951 U.S. LEXIS 2428, 19 Lab. Cas. (CCH) P66,191, 27 L.R.R.M. 2373 (U.S. Feb. 26, 1951)

Brief Fact Summary. The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit granted enforcement of an order directing Universal Camera Corporation (Petitioner) to reinstate an employee with back pay who was discharged because he gave testimony under the Wagner Act (Act), and cease and desist from discriminating against any employee who files charges or gives testimony under the Act. The views of that court conflicted with those of the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, and clash of opinions required settlement by the United States Supreme Court.

Synopsis of Rule of Law. The “substantial evidence test” was the standard of review under all three statutes.

Facts. The Wagner Act was one of the principle New Deal statutes, and heavily regulated the collective bargaining process and, in many cases, required employers to deal with the unions. That Taft-Hartley Act was enacted in 1947 to amend some features of the Wagner Act that were deemed to tilt the balance too far against employers. The lower courts were reaching different conclusions about the application of the Act, so settlement was required by the Supreme Court. The Petitioner claimed that the Court of Appeals erred in holding that it was barred from taking into account the report of the examiner on questions of fact insofar as that report was rejected by the board.

Issue. What was the effect of the Administrative Procedure Act and the Taft-Hartley Act on the duty of the Court of Appeals when called upon to review orders of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)? Was the Court of Appeals bound by the Board’s rejection of an examiner’s findings?

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Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB

Administrative Law Keyed to Strauss

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