- Tort Actions To Protect Civil Rights

• Birnbaum v. United States 526 U.S. 1133 119 S. Ct. 1808 143 L. Ed. 2d 1011 1999 U.S.

• Carey v. Piphus 435 U.S. 247, 98 S. Ct. 1042, 55 L. Ed. 2d 252, 1978 U.S.

• International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc 499 U.S. 187, 111 S. Ct. 1196, 113 L. Ed. 2d 158, 1991 U.S.